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91.
Agathe Ribéreau-Gayon PhD David O. Carter PhD Shari Forbes PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(2):536-548
The published literature shows a lack of methods to evaluate the patterns and extent of decomposition of human remains and to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI) in humid, continental (Dfb) climates such as Quebec. The aim of this study was to address this gap in the current knowledge base by providing the first observations from human corpses studied under controlled conditions in Quebec. A 12-month study was conducted at the site for Research in Experimental and Social Thanatology; the first human taphonomy facility in Canada. Six human donors with known time of death were deposited across spring (n = 1), summer (n = 3), and autumn (n = 2) 2021. The lack of suitability of the total body score method to evaluate the extent of decomposition at the facility prompted the development of a new scoring system based on the macromorphoscopic changes observed. The scoring system was applied to the donors to evaluate decomposition throughout seasons. All donors followed comparable decomposition trajectories, regardless of the season of deposition. Eighty-five percent of taphonomic patterns appeared in the first 25 experimental days or 5000 Kelvin accumulated degree days (350 ADD). Extensive desiccation of tissues was observed at a median of 21 experimental days across donors, resulting in a plateau within decomposition with no extensive skeletonization. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report of experimentally observed desiccation in such a form in a Dfb climate. This study provides new data on the types of decomposition patterns to expect in forensic investigations in southern Quebec and comparable climates. 相似文献
92.
ABSTRACTThis systematic review considers what is known about the characteristics of sexual killers and sexual aggressors. The aim was to identify which characteristics have consistently been shown to be similar (homogeneous) and which are different (heterogeneous) across these two groups. Ten studies, including approximately 300 sexual killers, were analysed. Only studies where the samples were directly compared and where sexual killers were male, predominantly non-serial and perpetrated against adult female victims were included. Results indicate that levels of loneliness and anger appear to be more prevalent in the sexual killer sample while mental health disorders, criminal history, family structure and history of sexual abuse as well as some crime scene behaviours seem to be similar across the two groups. The results of this review have also highlighted some methodological problems inherent to these types of studies and these issues are discussed from the perspective of improving research on these crimes. 相似文献
93.
Abstract Previous research has suggested that sex offenders are deficient in several areas of emotional functioning such as empathy, emotional perception, emotional management and interpersonal functioning. It is unclear, however, whether sex offenders display a general deficit in emotional functioning or whether their emotional deficits are specific to the circumstances in which offences occur. The present study aimed to provide a broad assessment of the emotional functioning of sex offenders by assessing their emotional intelligence (EI) using an abilities-based emotional intelligence test. Nineteen sex offenders, 18 non-sex offending prisoners and 19 controls were administered the Perception, Assimilation and Management branch subtests from the Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). The results indicated that the sex offenders were not significantly different than the control group, as assessed by these three branches of the MSCEIT. The results lend support to the suggestion that the emotional deficits displayed by sex offenders may be offence-specific. Implications for the use of the MSCEIT in sex offending populations and the role of EI in relapse prevention programmes are discussed. 相似文献
94.
95.
Walter Elkan Aidan Foster‐Carter B. B. Schaffer Zofia Dobrska John White Bernardo Sorj 《发展研究杂志》2013,49(2):235-260
Aspects of Development and Underdevelopment. By Joan Robinson. Cambridge‐Cambridge University Press (Modern Cambridge Economics), 1979. Pp. x + 146. Hardback £7.95, paperback £2.50. From Modernization to Modes of Production: a critique of the sociologies of development and underdevelopment. By John G. Taylor. London: Macmillan, 1979. Pp. xii + 335. Hardback £12, paperback £4.95. Theories of Underdevelopment. By Ian Roxborough. London: Macmillan, 1979. Pp. xii + 175. Hardback £10, paperback £3.95. Development Administration: Concepts, Goals, Methods. By George F. Gant. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979. Pp. xii + 343. $21.50. Developing Country Debt. Edited by Lawrence G. Franco and Marilyn J. Seiber. New York: Pergamon Press, 1979. Pp. xi + 309. £20. The Lending Policy of the World Bank in the 1970s: Analysis and Evaluation. By Bettina S. Hürni. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1980. Pp. xvi + 173. $20. The World Bank and the Poor. By Aart van de Laar. Boston, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1980. Pp. xii + 260. $15. The New Authoritarianism in Latin America. Edited by David Collier. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979. Pp. v + 456. Hardback £15.10, paperback £3.65. The Political Economy of Peru 1956–78: Economic development and the restructuring of capital. By E. V. K. FitzGerald. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979. Pp. xi + 360. £17.50. Scarcity and Survival in Central America. By William H. Durham. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1979. Pp. xvii + 209. £14.50. Peasants and Poverty: A Study of Haiti. By Mats Lundahl. London: Croom Helm, 1979. Pp. 699. £19.95. The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam. By Samuel L. Popkin. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979. Pp. xxi + 306. £9. The Economy of Kenya: the Kenyatta Era. By Arthur Hazlewood. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979. Pp. x + 231. Hardback £9, paperback £4.95. Chinese Education in Transition: Prelude to the Cultural Revolution. By Julia Kwong. Montreal: McGill‐Queen's University Press, 1979. Pp. xi + 207 $13.95. Hydropolitics of the Nile Valley. By John Waterbury. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1979. Pp. xii + 301. $20. The Volta River Project: A Case Study in Politics and Technology. By David Hart. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1980. Pp. 142. £7.50. Economic Development, Cities and Planning: The Case of Bombay. By Nigel Harris. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1979. Pp. vi + 93. £5.15. Sociological Analysis of the Working of Small Farmers Development Agency. By Mumtaz Ali Khan. Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1978. Pp. x + 175. Rs. 32. Planning for Basic Needs in Kenya: Performance, Policies and Prospects. By Dharam Ghai, Martin Godfrey and Franklyn Lisk. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1979. Pp. x + 167. £5. Women in Rural Development: the People's Republic of China. By Elisabeth Croll. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1979. Pp. 61. Paperback, £3.75. 相似文献
96.
Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has articulated and implemented explicit strategies of democracy promotion by providing assistance to governments, political parties, and other non-governmental groups and organizations all over the world. One particularly challenging region has been the Middle East and North Africa, where democratic development and democracy aid opportunities have been limited and constrained by a variety of factors related to social, economic, and political characteristics of the region and policy priorities of the United States. This article examines the impact of two major paradigm shifts – the end of the Cold War (1989) and the 9/11 episode (2001) – on the nature, purposes, and consequences of US democracy assistance to the Middle East. Examining democracy aid allocations, social, democratic and political factors in the region, and other variables, the analysis traces the shifts in aid strategies, purposes, and recipients generated by these paradigm shifts and assesses the impact of such assistance on the politics of the region. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for US democracy promotion policies and the impact of the Arab Spring events as a potential third break point. 相似文献
97.
Jessica Meyer B.S. Brianna Anderson B.S. David O. Carter Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(5):1175-1182
It is well known that temperature significantly affects corpse decomposition. Yet relatively few taphonomy studies investigate the effects of seasonality on decomposition. Here, we propose the use of the Köppen‐Geiger climate classification system and describe the decomposition of swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) carcasses during the summer and winter near Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. Decomposition was scored, and gravesoil chemistry (total carbon, total nitrogen, ninhydrin‐reactive nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, and soil pH) was assessed. Gross carcass decomposition in summer was three to seven times greater than in winter. Initial significant changes in gravesoil chemistry occurred following approximately 320 accumulated degree days, regardless of season. Furthermore, significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed between ammonium and pH (positive correlation) and between nitrate and pH (negative correlation). We hope that future decomposition studies employ the Köppen‐Geiger climate classification system to understand the seasonality of corpse decomposition, to validate taphonomic methods, and to facilitate cross‐climate comparisons of carcass decomposition. 相似文献
98.
Compounded Risk: The Implications for Delinquency of Coming from a Poor Family that Lives in a Poor Community 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Carter Hay Edward N. Fortson Dusten R. Hollist Irshad Altheimer Lonnie M. Schaible 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(5):593-605
The relationship between poverty and juvenile involvement in delinquency remains central to the study of adolescent development,
but firm conclusions on this relationship have been elusive. The purpose of this study is to address an important limitation
of prior research that often has been overlooked. This involves the standard practice of examining the poverty-delinquency
relationship with an exclusive focus on the family's level of poverty. This study considers that the effects of family poverty
on delinquency may significantly depend upon the level of poverty in the community in which the family lives. Specifically,
drawing from a number of poverty-oriented theories of delinquency, we examine the hypothesis that community poverty amplifies
the effects of family poverty, such that family poverty's effect becomes greater when community poverty also is high. Using
data from a national sample of adolescents that are supplemented with U.S. census data, we find partial support for the idea
that family poverty is consequential for delinquency, and that this is especially true for poor families that also live in
poor communities.
相似文献
Lonnie M. SchaibleEmail: |
99.
An estimate of the proportion of drug-facilitation of sexual assault in four U.S. localities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juhascik MP Negrusz A Faugno D Ledray L Greene P Lindner A Haner B Gaensslen RE 《Journal of forensic sciences》2007,52(6):1396-1400
In recent years, drugs including flunitrazepam, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, ketamine, and ethanol, have become popularly associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault. Other drugs are also candidates as factors in "drug facilitated sexual assault" (DFSA). The true extent of DFSA is not known, and is difficult to estimate. We recruited sexual assault complainants at four clinics in different parts of the U.S. to anonymously provide urine and hair specimens, and to answer questions about suspected drugging, drug use, and the sexual assault incident. Urine and hair specimens were tested for 45 drugs, including ethanol, and those pharmacologically capable of inducing sedation, amnesia, or impairment of judgment. Analytical test results were used to estimate the proportion of subjects, and the proportion of all complainants to the clinic in the same time period, who were victims of DFSA. Overall, cases of 43% of 144 subjects, and 7% of 859 complainants, were characterized as DFSA. Subjects underreported their use of drugs. The role of toxicological results and history in characterizing DFSA cases is discussed. 相似文献
100.
Ebejer KA Winn J Carter JF Sleeman R Parker J Körber F 《Forensic science international》2007,167(2-3):94-101
In many countries, monies suspected of being associated with drug trafficking can be seized by the authorities. One of the ways of investigating this association is through the analysis of seized banknotes for traces of controlled drugs. We report three studies which may assist the expert in assessing whether banknotes contaminated with diamorphine are part of the general population of notes in circulation or whether they show unusual contamination patterns which require explanation. Study 1 is based on three plausible contamination scenarios as they may occur during the various stages of an illicit drug transaction and seizure. It shows that notes which have been in direct contact with visible traces of diamorphine show significantly higher contamination to those in more indirect contact with the drug. Study 2 investigates the transfer of diamorphine from one highly contaminated note to other notes in a bundle over a period of 10 weeks with and without agitation. It was found that the total amount of drug transferred was smaller than 6% and no more than 4 out of a bundle of 10 previously clean notes became lightly contaminated. Based on extensive background data, study 3 proposes a probabilistic model to assess whether an observed proportion of diamorphine bearing banknotes is likely to have been contaminated by chance. The model predicts that there is only a 0.3% chance that a bundle of 100 notes from the general banknote population contains more than six contaminated specimens. Jointly, the three studies give useful indications for the spread of contamination throughout a sample and the amounts of heroin which may be expected given plausible contamination scenarios. 相似文献