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241.
Pamela Kea 《Canadian journal of African studies》2013,47(2):258-288
This article examines the intensification of Gambian girls’ domestic and farm labour contributions as a result of the introduction of double-shift schooling. Drawing on fieldwork among female farmers and their daughters in Brikama the article puts forth the following arguments: doubleshift schooling facilitates the intensification and increased appropriation of surplus value from girls’ household and farm labour because girls are more readily able to meet gendered labour obligations that are central to the moral economy of the household and to the demands of agrarian production; secondly, double-shift schooling highlights the paradoxical nature of development intervention where, on the one hand, legislation and policy call for a reduction in child labour by increasing access to school and, on the other, neo-liberal educational policy serves to facilitate the intensification of girls’ domestic and farm labour. This paper maintains that the intensification of girls’ workmust be placed within a wider context where children’s — particularly girls — cheap, flexible and/or unremunerated labour is central to the functioning of local and global processes of accumulation. 相似文献
242.
Intergroup contact and conflict is inevitable in the context of global economic competition and geopolitical interests. Immigrant
and migratory groups have particularly been subjected to unequal treatment by members of dominant host groups, generally as
a means of promoting and protecting their own economic and political interests. Immigrants often serve as a dependent and
secondary labor force, useful within fluctuating cycles of labor shortage, economic crises, and economic prosperity. Likewise,
criminalization is one tool that perpetuates notions of “otherness,” which in turn maintains immigrant minorities as a secondary
labor force; and justifies penal punishment of them. For instance, in the United States, Chicanos and Mexican immigrants have
been exploited as secondary labor, and have also been more likely than many other groups to be swept up in the Criminal Justice
System. Drawing on neo-Marxist perspectives and postcolonial notions of “otherness”, this paper examines the relationship
between incarceration of foreigners and economic conditions, economic threat, population change, and otherness. As hypothesized,
country level data suggests that factors such as a free market economy, population change, economic competition, and a concentration
of immigrants in the population are related to the level of imprisonment of foreigners. Implications for further research
are also discussed. 相似文献
243.
Pamela Brandwein 《Law & society review》2007,41(2):343-386
This article reconsiders the conventional wisdom that the Supreme Court definitively abandoned the freedmen to their former masters through the "state action" decisions of the 1870s and 1880s. Arguing that anachronisms distort our understanding of this critical period, I offer an historical institutional analysis of state action doctrine by recovering the legal categories, assumptions, and distinctions that constituted judicial discourse about the state action rule. Showing that federal power to protect blacks was more intact than scholars realize, I also add a perspective from the sociology of knowledge. By examining a series of modern developments that erased the contexts of the state action decisions, I show how institutional practices gave rise to the anachronisms that this article seeks to correct. 相似文献
244.
Pamela B. Teaster 《Public administration review》2003,63(4):396-404
Public guardians are appointed by the state to meet the needs of incapacitated citizens when no other willing or responsible surrogate decision maker exists. These public administrators, who live the decisional life of another citizen, need meaningful controls and accountability because of the great private and public authority that is entrusted to them. A review of program documents, interviews with public guardians and their program supervisors, and participant observations revealed complex roles for the public guardian: service monitor, service broker, client advocate, surrogate decision maker, and relationship architect. Because of the multiplicity of roles and few controls on their actions, public guardians' accountability should first be drawn from mechanical mechanisms (for instance, thorough audits and sanctions for infractions), but a second and necessary control is the principles of public administration, which are grounded in normative values and democratic governance. 相似文献
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Pamela A. Yankeelov Linda K. Bledsoe Joseph Brown Mary Lou Cambron 《Family Court Review》2003,41(2):242-256
The article focuses on a quantitative evaluation of Families In Transition (FIT), a court-mandated divorce education program. In this evaluation, the operationalization of the impact of FIT on its participants is guided by a social psychology theory. Findings indicate that parents view FIT as a valuable experience, and they gain in their attitude toward and likelihood to engage in child-centered divorce adjustment behaviors from pre- to post-FIT. Factors are highlighted, such as counseling and conflict status of the parents that affect the degree of influence of FIT. Implications for evaluations of these programs and for the structure of these programs are discussed. 相似文献
247.
Pamela Tobey 《北京周报(英文版)》2021,64(30)
正The Great Wall was at the top of my must-see list on my first trip to China as a tourist in May 2014. Over the past seven years, this wondrous engineering miracle and historical landmark has become my most frequently visited treasure on China's long list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. 相似文献
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