An Examination of the Sequence of Intersecting Lines using Microspectrophotometry

The potential of microspectrophotometry as a technique to determine the sequence of intersecting lines was examined. The technique was used to determine the sequence of heterogeneous line intersections produced using inkpad, stamp‐pad ink and ballpoint pens, gel pens, fountain pens, laser and ink‐jet printers. The study was carried out with an assumption that the peak characteristics of spectra from the point of intersection should correspond to the peak characteristics of pure ink which was executed later. According to spectral reflectance curves, microspectrophotometry was possible to determine whether the ink was above or below the inkpad/stamp‐pad ink seals. In blind testing, microspectrophotometry technique results were directly compared to those obtained by five experienced forensic document examiners using optical microscopy regularly employed in casework. As the results obtained from the study were positive, microspectrophotometry technique was found to be very successful in determining the sequence of heterogeneous line intersections under some conditions.     

自含墨印章印文盖印时间受老化条件的影响

目的探索利用气相色谱法较精确、定量测定自含墨印章印文盖印时间受人为老化条件的影响。方法分别在恒温烘烤、紫外线照射、纯水浸泡等人为老化条件下,测定自含墨印章印油中所含有的主要相关溶剂成份的含量变化。结果得出了主要溶剂成份在人为老化条件下其含量的变化规律以及人为老化与自然老化的对应关系。结论利用气相色谱法可以对不同保存条件下自含墨印章印文的盖印时间进行测定,为实际相关案件的检验提供了依据。     

法院内部控制刑事裁判权的方法与反思

我国法院内部对刑事裁判权的控制有着独特的方法与逻辑。在方法上,有严格的流程监控和细密的考核指标,即过程控制与结果控制。这种控制刑事裁判的方法体现了独特的制度逻辑,而制度实践者则基于不同的动因或主动或被动地选择了该方法。法院内部控权模式有利有弊,总体来说,过程控制在一定程度上消解了结果控制的效果,结果控制则又在一定程度上加强了过程控制,如此循环导致对刑事裁判权的控制不但成效不大,且产生了一定的副作用。法院内部控权模式存在双重悖论,未来对刑事裁判权的控制应遵循基本的司法规律。     

应用锁骨薄层CT容积重建影像推算四川汉族身高

目的探讨锁骨薄层CT三维容积重建影像(CT-VRT)在身高推算中的应用价值,以期更新我国西南地区身高推算数据,为鉴定实践提供技术支撑。方法应用300例锁骨薄层CT-VRT影像,测量并计算左侧锁骨长(LCL)、右侧锁骨长(RCL)、双侧锁骨均长(ACL),分析身高与LCL、RCL、ACL相关性及性别差异,建立身高推算线性回归方程,并对所建模型进行回代检验。结果男性、女性ACL和身高的相关系数分别为0.534、0.707;LCL和身高的相关系数分别为0.484、0.680;RCL和身高的相关系数分别为0.523、0.695。分别建立ACL、LCL、RCL男女性身高推算线性回归模型。回代检验示ACL方程男性身高推算平均绝对误差(MAD)为4.48cm,女性MAD为3.51cm;LCL方程男性身高推算MAD为4.60cm,女性MAD为3.64cm;RCL方程男性身高推算MAD为4.49cm,女性MAD为3.59cm。结论建立的推算身高的回归方程具有统计学意义,模型预测精度较高,表明利用薄层CT-VRT影像测量的锁骨可运用于四川汉族人群身高推算研究。但模型R2较小,因此在应用ACL进行身高推算时最好结合其他指标。     

中国北方汉族群体TPH基因座-T457C位点遗传多态性

目的研究色氨酸羟化酶(tryptophan hydroxylase,TPH)基因座-T457C位点在中国北方汉族群体中的遗传多态性及其法医学应用价值。方法应用PCR-RFLP、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及银染技术,检测180例北方汉族无关个体TPH基因座-T457C位点的遗传多态性。结果TPH基因座-T457C位点在中国北方汉族群体中,其个体识别能力(DP)为0.624,非父排除率(PE)为0.187,与法国人群基因频率比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论TPH基因座-T457C位点在法医学中有重要应用价值,其遗传多态性可能存在民族或地域差异。     

和谐司法的人文解读

现代人文精神与社会主义和谐司法具有内在的契合性。在社会主义和谐司法的语境下,人文精神的内涵包括司法保障民生、司法疏导民意、司法维护民权以及司法化解民怨四个方面。当前和谐司法的使命就是要体现人文精神,建立和健全利益表达、司法救助、权益保障和纠纷解决四大机制。     

Stability and Specificity of Counterfeit Protection System Code

In this study, the stability and specificity of a counterfeit protection system (CPS) code were determined. This research involved an analysis of a counterfeit protection system code unit over time using the pattern location measurement method. We collected 379 sample sheets from 196 printers or photocopiers, covering 14 original brands, including 129 models. There was an interval of at least two months between the collections of samples from each machine. Four types of characteristics were established: CPS pattern unit, distance of the CPS unit, position of dots, size and shape of the dot. Except for the partial changes in the Xerox brand, no other brand exhibited changes over time. This implies that the CPS characteristics are stable. Meanwhile, no correlation was noted between the combinations of the characteristic systems in the collected samples, which implied strong specificity.     

Determination of the Sequence of Intersecting Lines Between Toners and Seals by Laser Fluorescence Microscope

Fluorescence microscope is considered to be one of the most effective ways to examine the sequence of intersecting seal and toner lines of questioned documents. In reality, however, the toner (mainly divided into compact and noncompact toners) and seal of a questioned document have such a complex morphology and sequence of crossing lines that current methods cannot meet the requirement of practical document identification. In view of the challenges of document examination, a laser fluorescence microscope and method are developed in this study. The developed microscope provides additional functionality to traditional fluorescence microscopes of transmitted light modality, laser excitation, selectable excitation wavelength, and selectable fluorescence filters. The results obtained from the method of comparisons between transmitted light and fluorescence modalities were positive under most conditions, particularly for noncompact toner examination for which a 100% accuracy rate and 90% detection rate were achieved in blind testing.     

Organizing a Proficiency Testing Program on Stamp Impressions Examination in Accordance with ISO/IEC 17043 Requirements

Stamps and stamp impressions examinations are based on matching defects and design details on the questioned and control samples. These examinations are routinely carried out by document examiners around the world. International proficiency tests for questioned documents examination have been available for decades while similar programs specifically focusing on stamp impressions examination are rare. This study reported a recent proficiency testing program on stamp impressions examination organized by an accredited provider in accordance with ISO/IEC 17043 requirements. Twenty‐four forensic laboratories registered for the program. Apart from giving details on the design and operation of the program, this study also aimed to provide the limitations and difficulties encountered in sample preparations, homogeneity, and stability tests of the testing materials. Various comments and feedbacks received from the participants, particularly in respect of examination approaches, challenges faced by the participants in forming conclusions and their suggestions for further improvement would be evaluated.     

提高党的执政能力与反腐倡廉

反腐倡廉是否取得成效关系到党的执政能力的强弱,当前反腐倡廉工作存在的问题不利于提高党的执政能力。必须按照党的十六届四中全会的部署加大反腐倡廉的力度以提高党的执政能力