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221.
Octavio Carvajal‐Zarrabal Ph.D. Patricia M. Hayward‐Jones M.Sc. Cirilo Nolasco‐Hipolito Ph.D. Dulce Ma. Barradas‐Dermitz M.Sc. Ana Laura Calderón‐Garcidueñas M.D. Ph.D. Noé López‐Amador M.D. M.S.F.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(5):1332-1335
In the daily practice of forensic pathology, sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a diagnostic challenge. Our aim was to determine the usefulness of blood biomarkers [creatine kinase CK‐MB, myoglobin, troponins I and T (cTn‐I and T), and lactate dehydrogenase] measured by immunoassay technique, in the postmortem diagnosis of SCD. Two groups were compared, 20 corpses with SCD and 8 controls. Statistical significance was determined by variance analysis procedures, with a post hoc Tukey multiple range test for comparison of means (p < 0.05). SCD cases showed significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) of cTn‐T and cTn‐I compared to the control group. Although only cases within the first 8 h of postmortem interval were included, and the control group consisted mainly of violent death cases, our results suggest that blood troponin levels may be useful to support a diagnosis of SCD. 相似文献
222.
The past two decades have seen an emerging awareness by regulators and some of the health professions about the phenomenon of the impaired practitioner. One response, particularly from the medical profession, has been to design various models of health programs principally to cater to psychiatrically unwell and substance dependent practitioners. However, the health conditions of practitioners are more diverse than these categories, particularly in the era of a stressed and ageing health care workforce. The potential exists for practitioners, their treaters and employers to be legally liable for foreseeable risks posed to patients and clients by practitioners whose health is problematic and/or deteriorating. There is much to be said for practitioners, health service administrators, educators and regulators dealing more effectively with all categories of impaired practitioners before the intervention of the civil law which may not be adequately informed or sophisticated and is most unlikely to be collaborative in its approach. 相似文献
223.
Is There An Expressive Function of Law? An Empirical Analysis of Voting Laws with Symbolic Fines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article empirically investigates whether law affects behaviorbeyond deterrence ("expressive function of law"). With Swisspanel data, I find that the legal abolition of the voting dutysignificantly decreased average turnout, even though the finesfor not voting have only been symbolic. As for the size of Cantonalturnout reduction, it widely differs between the Cantons andis highly correlated with voter participation before the removalof the voting duty. In contrast to the voting duty, the introductionof postal voting did not affect voter turnout in spite of thesubstantial decrease in transaction costs. Therefore, in publicgood areas such as voting, even a sanctionless law targetingat the civic duty might have a bigger impact on behavior thanactions which affect the costs of provision for the public good. 相似文献
224.
225.
Research Summary Scholarly research has documented repeatedly that minority citizens are disproportionately stopped, searched, and arrested relative to their baseline populations. In recent years, policymakers have brought increased attention to this issue as law‐enforcement agencies across the United States have faced allegations of racial profiling. In the 1990s, the politics generated by accounts of racially biased policing placed heightened pressure on law‐enforcement agencies. However, to date, few studies have explored whether the increased social and political scrutiny placed on police organizations influenced or changed their general pattern of enforcement among black and white citizens. Using data in the search and citation file from the North Carolina Highway Traffic Study, this research specifically examined whether the politics generated by the media coverage of racial profiling and racial profiling legislation in North Carolina influenced the search practices of officers of the North Carolina State Highway Patrol's drug interdiction team. The findings suggest that media accounts and the passage of new legislation were particularly powerful influences, which thereby reduced racial disparity in searches. Declines in the use of consent searches and an increased probability of finding contraband also were influenced by the politics of racial profiling. Policy Implications The results of this study suggest several important policy recommendations. First, law‐enforcement agencies must monitor the policing practices of their officers because such supervision can influence officer compliance with fair and unbiased policing policies. Next, supervisors need to familiarize themselves with enforcement data to identify potential problem officers and organizational practices. By doing so, police organizations will not only increase officer accountability but also will potentially improve communication with their local communities. Such communication can empower community members to file charges against officers who violate their civil rights. Next, the media and political effects documented in this study suggest that external oversight can be particularly influential on police practices. Therefore, police agencies should consider developing a citizen complaint board, which is an external oversight board that would be responsible for investigating allegations against officers who engage in racial profiling or other racially biased enforcement practices. Such a board could assist police administrators in identifying problem officers as well as in making recommendations for corrective action. Finally, external social and political pressure must continually be placed on police forces to improve equity in police behavior. These external forces can assist in creating opportunities for police to increase the overall quality and efficacy of policing. 相似文献
226.
Patricia Solbeck M.Sc. Victoria Snowdon M.B.T. Ashwyn Rajagopalan M.D. F.R.C.P.C. Reuven Jhirad M.D. M.P.H. C.C.F.P. F.C.F.P. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(1):309-313
A fatal concentration of pentobarbital found in a coroner's case where the history had not indicated use of this drug prompted a review of fatalities in Ontario from 2012 to 2015. Coroner's case files, including police and toxicology reports, were reviewed in twenty deaths, in which pentobarbital was identified as the primary cause of death. In all of the deaths (11 females, 9 males), the blood concentration of pentobarbital was greater than 10 mg/L. There were three to eight deaths per year and each was classified as suicide. In 11 cases, there was clear evidence that the drug was purchased over the internet from Mexico or China and imported into Canada. In four cases, it appears that the pentobarbital was labeled as a different, innocuous chemical to facilitate crossing the border without scrutiny. The findings underscore the value of a thorough scene investigation, including details of evidence that may be considered unrelated. 相似文献
227.
This study examined factors associated with PTSD-depression comorbidity among a sample of 162 adult female rape or assault
victims with PTSD, as well as potential differential predictors of PTSD and depression severity. PTSD-only participants reported
higher levels of childhood sexual abuse than those with comorbid PTSD and depression, and the PTSD/MDD group reported relatively
more distorted trauma-related beliefs, dissociation, PTSD severity, and depression severity. Distorted trauma-related beliefs
and dissociation were the strongest unique predictors of higher PTSD and depressive symptoms. Rates of PTSD and depression
comorbidity did not appear to be a function of symptom overlap. Study findings suggest possible explanations for the high
PTSD and depression comorbidity rates commonly found among victims of interpersonal violence.
This research was supported in part by a grant to Patricia A. Resick from the National Institute of Mental Health (R02-MH51509). 相似文献
228.
Patricia G. Tjaden 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2009,15(3):261-278
Twenty years ago California passed the first stalking law in the United States. Since then, much has been done in the U.S.
to increase regulation and understanding of this serious crime. All states and the District of Columbia have laws criminalizing
stalking. The U.S. Congress enacted a law making it illegal to stalk across state, federal, and international boundaries.
It also mandated a model stalking code for states be developed that is both constitutional and effective, and established
January National Stalking Awareness Month. The National Center for Victims of Crime established the Stalking Resource Center
to raise awareness and encourage the development and implementation of multi-disciplinary responses to stalking in local communities.
In addition, there has been an explosion of stalking research, including two national surveys on stalking victimization and
a study on the implementation of stalking laws nationwide. Despite these many achievements, significant deficiencies exist
with respect to U.S. stalking policies and research. Many policymakers and practitioners are unclear about what constitutes
stalking. Stalking statutes vary widely from state to state with respect to behaviors outlawed and penalties imposed. Reliable
information about many aspects of stalking is not readily available, and implementation of stalking laws remains limited.
This paper examines these issues in more detail and provides recommendations on how U.S. stalking policies and research may
be improved.
Patricia G. Tjaden received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Colorado in Boulder. After a ten year career in academia she joined the Center for Policy Research in Denver, Colorado, where from 1987 to 2001 she conducted groundbreaking research on violence against women including the first-ever national study of stalking in America. She currently consults and conducts research from her home in Denver, Colorado. 相似文献
Patricia G. TjadenEmail: |
Patricia G. Tjaden received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Colorado in Boulder. After a ten year career in academia she joined the Center for Policy Research in Denver, Colorado, where from 1987 to 2001 she conducted groundbreaking research on violence against women including the first-ever national study of stalking in America. She currently consults and conducts research from her home in Denver, Colorado. 相似文献
229.
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), passed to correct the abuses of surface mining, assigned key implementation roles to the states. While the federal government originally enforced SMCRA, states could operate the program themselves. Once states decided to run their own program the federal government would oversee them to insure they properly enforce the Act. This research examines the enforcement behavior of states in the 1980s. The results indicate that early in the Reagan administration eastern states enforced the SMCRA less stringently than other states. Eastern states increased their level of enforcement later in the 1980s in response to pressures for increased federal oversight from Congress, interest groups and others. 相似文献
230.