全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3687篇 |
免费 | 122篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 240篇 |
工人农民 | 117篇 |
世界政治 | 319篇 |
外交国际关系 | 641篇 |
法律 | 1404篇 |
中国政治 | 13篇 |
政治理论 | 998篇 |
综合类 | 77篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 56篇 |
2019年 | 66篇 |
2018年 | 102篇 |
2017年 | 99篇 |
2016年 | 114篇 |
2015年 | 66篇 |
2014年 | 119篇 |
2013年 | 519篇 |
2012年 | 162篇 |
2011年 | 181篇 |
2010年 | 136篇 |
2009年 | 154篇 |
2008年 | 134篇 |
2007年 | 150篇 |
2006年 | 118篇 |
2005年 | 149篇 |
2004年 | 141篇 |
2003年 | 120篇 |
2002年 | 122篇 |
2001年 | 79篇 |
2000年 | 75篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 50篇 |
1997年 | 49篇 |
1996年 | 52篇 |
1995年 | 44篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 43篇 |
1991年 | 50篇 |
1990年 | 47篇 |
1989年 | 43篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 31篇 |
1981年 | 38篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
1967年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有3809条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
941.
Sanders David; Clarke Harold D.; Stewart Marianne C.; Whiteley Paul 《Political Analysis》2007,15(3):257-285
942.
We show that the optimal prize structure of symmetric n-player Tullock tournaments assigns the entire prize pool to the winner, provided that a symmetric pure strategy equilibrium exists. If such an equilibrium fails to exist under the winner-take-all structure, we construct the optimal prize structure which improves existence conditions by dampening efforts. If no such optimal equilibrium exists, no symmetric pure strategy equilibrium induces positive efforts. 相似文献
943.
We investigate how material and symbolic campaign appeals may motivate segments of the electorate to be more engaged with
the unfolding presidential campaign; this engagement is a first step toward bringing these populations into an electoral coalition.
We pair two massive new data collections—the National Annenberg Election Study capturing public opinion across an entire campaign
and The Wisconsin Advertising Project recording and cataloging the political commercials aired by campaigns—to examine how
the candidates’ choice of issues affects who gets into the game. We find evidence that appeals to symbolic interests are more
likely than appeals to material interest to selectively engage targeted groups. 相似文献
944.
Paul Johnson 《The Modern law review》2012,75(6):1136-1149
On 15 March 2012 the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) issued its first judgment addressing the differential treatment of same‐sex and opposite‐sex couples in respect of the adoption of a child. 1 The Court held that excluding same‐sex couples in civil partnerships, who have no legal right to marry, from adoption provisions available to married opposite‐sex couples does not violate rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention). I argue that the Court's reasoning in Gas and Dubois v France is unpersuasive and unsustainable in light of its wider case law. 相似文献
945.
Liqun CaoAuthor Vitae Yung-Lien LaiAuthor VitaeRuohui ZhaoAuthor Vitae 《Journal of criminal justice》2012,40(1):40
Purpose
The present study tests the hypothesis that regime nature as a structural characteristic explains variations in public confidence in the police.Methods
Combining five sources of data from 50 nations with 69,309 respondents, the current article extends the extant research by using hierarchical logistic regression analyses with ample sample sizes at both levels to test the hypothesis with a series of control variables.Findings
In addition to the largely consistent findings from the individual-level predictors, the results show that that there is a U-shaper convex curvilinear relationship between the levels of democracy and confidence in the police. Residents in long-term stable authoritarian regimes as well as in long-term stable democracies display elevated levels of confidence in the police, whereas short-term or unstable authoritarian nations and nations in democratic transition have the lowest level of confidence in the police. Besides, confidence in the police is higher among citizens in nations with more government efficiency and is lower among residents of countries with higher homicide rates.Conclusion
Regime nature is important in understanding confidence in the police. In addition, governments should make more efforts to promote their efficiency in order to win citizens’ support and they are expected to reduce homicide rates. 相似文献946.
Gisela BichlerAuthor Vitae Carlena A. OroscoAuthor Vitae Joseph A. SchwartzAuthor Vitae 《Journal of criminal justice》2012,40(1):83
Purpose
This research fulfills a void in offender mobility discourse. Metropolitan socioeconomic and spatial structure, defined in crime pattern theory as the urban backcloth, plays a significant role in shaping travel behavior; and yet, current analysis of offender mobility continues to favor individual characteristics to account for travel range.Methods
Using a large sample of juveniles, both delinquent and at-risk youth (N = 2,552), this study compared the predictive utility of individual characteristics against indicators of urban backcloth.Results
Delinquent youth were found to be more sensitive to the environmental conditions exerted by community-level socioeconomic characteristics than their at-risk counterparts. However, two factors—intercity hierarchical structure and motor vehicle access—accounted for travel variability among all youth.Conclusions
Offending behavior must be examined within the context of a dynamic environmental context formed by the metropolitan socioeconomic and spatial structure. Delinquents constitute an identifiable subgroup of youth. 相似文献947.
Daniel P. MearsAuthor Vitae Joshua C. CochranAuthor VitaeWilliam D. BalesAuthor Vitae 《Journal of criminal justice》2012,40(5):370
Purpose
This study examines gender differences in the effectiveness of prison in reducing recidivism.Methods
Using data on released male and female prisoners, we apply a propensity score matching methodology to compare the effects of prison on recidivism versus three counterfactual conditions—jail, intensive probation, and probation.Results
The analyses indicated that a prison term, as compared to placement on intensive probation or traditional probation, is associated with a greater likelihood of property and drug recidivism. There was little evidence that recidivism was greater when compared to jail, that prison increased the likelihood of violent or other recidivism, or that the criminogenic effect of prison is appreciably greater for females or males.Conclusions
The findings do not support arguments that prison is an effective alternative to non-incarcerative punishments or that it exerts a differential effect on females or males. Further research is needed on what features of the prison experience contribute to the observed effects. 相似文献948.
Sermon PA Worsley MP Cheng Y Courtney L Shinar-Bush V Ruzimuradov O Hopwood AJ Edwards MR Gashi B Harrison D Xu Y 《Forensic science international》2012,221(1-3):131-136
Surface coatings that can help deter and solve gun crime are described. These nanoengineered coatings have been applied and evaluated on brass cartridge cases, where they increase associative forensic evidence through nanotag donation to the handler and the retention of handler's DNA. In future we expect this approach to be used for other surfaces and conditions. 相似文献
949.
Weyermann C Bucher L Majcherczyk P Mazzella W Roux C Esseiva P 《Forensic science international》2012,217(1-3):127-133
Pearson correlation coefficients were applied for the objective comparison of 30 black gel pen inks analysed by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). The mass spectra were obtained for ink lines directly on paper using positive and negative ion modes at several laser intensities. This methodology has the advantage of taking into account the reproducibility of the results as well as the variability between spectra of different pens. A differentiation threshold could thus be selected in order to avoid the risk of false differentiation. Combining results from positive and negative mode yielded a discriminating power up to 85%, which was better than the one obtained previously with other optical comparison methodologies. The technique also allowed discriminating between pens from the same brand. 相似文献
950.
Bolton-King RS Bencsik M Evans JP Smith CL Allsop DF Painter JD Cranton WM 《Forensic science international》2012,220(1-3):197-209
This paper demonstrates a numerical pattern recognition method applied to curvilinear image structures. These structures are extracted from physical cross-sections of cast internal pistol barrel surfaces. Variations in structure arise from gun design and manufacturing method providing a basis for discrimination and identification. Binarised curvilinear land transition images are processed with fast Fourier transform on which principal component analysis is performed. One-way analysis of variance (95% confidence interval) concludes significant differentiation between 11 barrel manufacturers when calculating weighted Euclidean distance between any trio of land transitions and an average land transition for each barrel in the database. The proposed methodology is therefore a promising novel approach for the classification and identification of firearms. 相似文献