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901.
902.
Much of the work on family violence, adult-on-adult violence, relies heavily on the characteristics of potential victims and
offenders to explain the causes of violence. Family environment-related factors which can be represented by family organization,
resources and stability have received relatively little attention. Those who live in a small family (or alone) may have a
lower level of interaction with family members and a much lower risk of physical abuse compared to those living in larger
family units. Also, the social organization or functionality of a family, which can be assumed from its structure and the
relationships among its members, is likely to be related to the onset of violence. For those living in stable and wealthy
families, violence may occur less often as a result of a reduced chance of conflict or family struggle. Findings of the current
study show that the family environment differentiates the chances of victimization by family members. 相似文献
903.
C. Haas E. HansonM.J. Anjos W. BärR. Banemann A. BertiE. Borges C. BouakazeA. Carracedo M. CarvalhoV. Castella A. ChomaG. De Cock M. DötschP. Hoff-Olsen P. JohansenF. Kohlmeier P.A. LindenberghB. Ludes O. MaroñasD. Moore M.-L. MorerodN. Morling H. NiederstätterF. Noel W. ParsonG. Patel C. PopielarzE. Salata P.M. SchneiderT. Sijen B. Svie?enaM. Turanská L. ZatkalíkováJ. Ballantyne 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2012,6(1):70-80
A second collaborative exercise on RNA/DNA co-analysis for body fluid identification and STR profiling was organized by the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP). Six human blood stains, two blood dilution series (5-0.001 μl blood) and, optionally, bona fide or mock casework samples of human or non-human origin were analyzed by the participating laboratories using a RNA/DNA co-extraction or solely RNA extraction method. Two novel mRNA multiplexes were used for the identification of blood: a highly sensitive duplex (HBA, HBB) and a moderately sensitive pentaplex (ALAS2, CD3G, ANK1, SPTB and PBGD). The laboratories used different chemistries and instrumentation. All of the 18 participating laboratories were able to successfully isolate and detect mRNA in dried blood stains. Thirteen laboratories simultaneously extracted RNA and DNA from individual stains and were able to utilize mRNA profiling to confirm the presence of blood and to obtain autosomal STR profiles from the blood stain donors. The positive identification of blood and good quality DNA profiles were also obtained from old and compromised casework samples. The method proved to be reproducible and sensitive using different analysis strategies. The results of this collaborative exercise involving a RNA/DNA co-extraction strategy support the potential use of an mRNA based system for the identification of blood in forensic casework that is compatible with current DNA analysis methodology. 相似文献
904.
Lene Aar?e 《Political Behavior》2012,34(4):585-606
The question of the role of Islam in the public space has become a new pivotal point in political disputes about civil liberties in Western Europe. This debate challenges the scholarly literature on tolerance by highlighting that our understanding of the situational factors shaping tolerance judgments remains limited. This study therefore investigates how the salience of the signaling of religious group membership influences religious tolerance. Based on a unique question-wording experiment embedded in an approximately nationally representative survey, I demonstrate that conspicuous manifestations of religious outgroup membership spark stronger intolerance than subtle manifestations and that anxiety mediates the effect of conspicuous manifestations of religious outgroup membership. Finally, I demonstrate that the effect of the salience of religious outgroup membership is strongest among those who are highly opposed to secularism. I conclude by discussing how these findings constitute an important extension of the extant work on tolerance and feed back into the discussion regarding the role of religion in the public space. 相似文献
905.
906.
St?berl 《Juristische Bl?tter》2011,133(1):66-68
Zwischen einem rechtskr?ftigen wasserpolizeilichen Auftrag nach § 138 Abs 2 WRG und einem Antrag auf Bewilligung desselben
Vorhabens liegt hinsichtlich der Frage der Bewilligungspflicht Identit?t der Sache vor. Ein solcher wasserpolizeilicher Auftrag
spricht über die wasserrechtliche Bewilligungspflicht desselben Vorhabens ab. Daraus folgt, dass die Bewilligungsbeh?rde an
die dem Alternativauftrag nach § 138 Abs 2 WRG zugrunde liegende Beurteilung des Vorhabens als bewilligungspflichtig gebunden
ist. Dies allerdings nur dann, wenn sich seit dem wasserpolizeilichen Auftrag weder die Rechtslage noch der wesentliche Sachverhalt
ge?ndert hat. 相似文献
907.
908.
In this contribution an empirical approach is used to gain more insight into the relationship between neuroscience and criminal law. The focus is on case law in the Netherlands. Neuroscientific information and techniques have found their way into the courts of the Netherlands. Furthermore, following an Italian case in which a mentally ill offender received a penalty reduction in part because of a ‘genetic vulnerability for impulsive aggression’, the expectation was expressed that such ‘genetic defenses’ would appear in the Netherlands too. To assess how neuroscientific and behavioral genetic information are used in criminal justice practice in the Netherlands, we systematically collect Dutch criminal cases in which neuroscientific or behavioral genetic information is introduced. Data and case law examples are presented and discussed. Although cases are diverse, several themes appear, such as prefrontal brain damage in relation to criminal responsibility and recidivism risk, and divergent views of the implications of neurobiological knowledge about addiction for judging criminal responsibility. Whereas in the international ‘neurolaw literature’ the emphasis is often on imaging techniques, the Dutch findings also illustrate the role of neuropsychological methods in criminal cases. Finally, there appears to be a clear need of practice oriented instruments and guidelines. 相似文献
909.
910.
The extant literature on positional power in hierarchies is mainly restricted to the analysis of power in terms of the authority structure. This is based upon the bare positions of actors and ignores the existence of decision-making mechanisms. The few studies, which also take into account decision-making mechanisms, are ‘membership-based’. In an earlier paper we demonstrated that such an approach is, in general, inappropriate. As a solution we suggested an ‘action-based’ approach and developed a power score and measure ascribing positional power to actors in hierarchies. In this paper we axiomatize this power score and measure and illustrate their applicability. 相似文献