The analysis of the unfavourable outcomes of dental care based on the materials of forensic medical examinations carried out by the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise, Moscow Department of Health

The analysis of the unfavourable outcomes of dental care based on the materials of forensic medical examinations carried out by the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise, Moscow Department of Health.     

Studies of dentition abnormalities in children of the Republic of Armenia for the purpose of personality identification

This paper reports the results of investigations carried out to elucidate the frequency and the structure of various forms of abnormalities of dentition among the children of the preschool and school age in the Republic of Armenia. These data may be of help for the forensic medical personality identification especially for the expertise of unrecognized corpses. Moreover, these data provide an indirect picture of the prevalence of abnormalities of dentition among the adult population of the country. Specifically they may sometimes be used to identify the ethnic and/or racial background of a person.     

On the stability of the irritant dibenz-[b,f]-[1,4]-oxazepine (substance CR)

The objective of the present study was to determine the duration and conditions of persistence of the irritant dibenz-[b,f]-[1,4]-oxazepine (substance CR) on the environmental objects. The quantitative analysis of the substance on cotton fabric specimens was carried out using the approved method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection at different time periods and envirobmental conditions. It was shown that the main factor determining the lifetime of dibenz-[b,f]-[1,4]-oxazepine on the cotton fabric is the ambient conditions. By way of example, the "open" and "closed", storage of such specimens during 300 days resulted in the decrease of the amount of substance CR to 22.5 and 79% of the initial level respectively. By the end experiment (day 600) these values lowered to 3 and 52.5% respectively. Taken together, the results of the study indicate that dibenz-[b,f]-[1,4]-oxazepine can be described as a substance resistant to environmental impacts. It is comparable in terms of stability with such known irritants as capsicum oleoresin and pelargonic acid morpholide.     

Forensic medical expertise of delayed consequences of traffic accidents included in article 6.11 of the Medical Criteria

The medical documentation pertaining to 767 victims of traffic accidents was revised. These subjects were classified in the acute post-traumatic period as experiencing serious harm to health in terms of the qualifying sign "substantial persistent loss of at least of one third of general working ability" (SPLGWA) based on the results of primary examination. It was shown that in the course of therapeutic and rehabilitative treatment of the subjects with bone fractures listed in articles 6.11.1, 6.11.2, 6.11.4 to 6.11.10 of the Medical Criteria most of the patients have their compromised functions repaired up to complete recovery of the working ability. According to the repeated evaluation the substantial (35%) loss of the working ability persisted only in 25.8% of the victims. 56.7% of the victims were estimated to have lost 10-30% of their working ability; SPLGWA was absent in 17.5% of the examined subjects.     

Polymorphism of structural genes of human mitochondrial DNA for forensic medical personal identification

An experimental study is described, which deals with polymorphism of nucleotide sequences of three structural genes of mitochondrial genome, i.e. of the 3d, small 4th, and 6th subunits of the NADN dehydrogenase complex (ND3, ND4L and ND6) sampled from Russian population. The genetic primary structure was analyzed in 63 unrelated individuals. The investigated locuses were shown to possess a pronounced polymorphism. A total of 19 polymorphic positions were detected in the ND3, ND4L and ND6 gene region within the studied sampling. Besides, a possibility is demonstrated in the paper that the mtDNA structural genes can be used as additional identification markers in the forensic experimental typing of the mtDNA control region.     

Design of the automatic system of processing data on mitochondrial DNA "mDNAbase" sequestration for expert identification of the unidentified bodies under the conditions of mass reception of human remains

The authors consider utilization of software which provides indirect personality identification by establishment of biological kinship using a comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences (NS) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in unidentified bodies and suspected relatives of these victims. The software supports data bases with information on NS. To secure automatic search there are modes of cross-processing. Results of identification are formed as lists of exclusions and tables with calculated frequencies of mitotypes of identification objects as well as protocols of a comparative analysis of nucleotide position in mtDNA sequences under comparison. The proposed computer approach is a new highly effective tool for identification of personality based on data on mtDNA analysis in conditions of stream information processing under mass reception of unidentified bodies.     

Forensic evaluation of the results of chemical and toxicological analysis of blood alcohol level

According to printed research results, the endogenic level of ethanol in blood amounts to 0.001-0.3%, the physiological level amounts to 0.01-0.4% and the lethal level amounts to 3-17.6%. It was established experimentally that the absolute lethal level of ethanol in blood does not exceed 15%. Criteria of incidental contamination of analyzed blood sample with ethanol are described.     

Use of computer software for indirect molecular genetic identification of unidentified bodies

The authors discuss the development and use of computer software for realization of indirect DNA identification, based on identification of biological relation. Estimated algorithms of this method are based on regularities of parental signs inheritance by children and consist in comparative analysis of allele states of nuclear DNA typed locuses in unidentified bodies and probable parents of these dead subjects and subsequent estimation of the coefficients of the likelihood of hypotheses of their probable blood relationship. Available software maintain the database with identification characteristics of VNTR and STR locuses, HLA DQA1 locuses, and PM system (potential set of 23 locuses). The results of identification are presented as lists of exclusions and tables with estimated likelihood coefficients for the probability expert evaluation of relationship. The suggested computer-aided method of indirect identification is a new highly effective tool for personality identification by chromosome markers under conditions of mass information processing in examinations of unidentified corpses.