EU–China Regional Policy Dialogue: Unpacking the Mechanisms of an Unlikely Policy Transfer

Abstract

This article investigates EU–China dialogue on regional policy, a puzzling exercise in policy transfer because such policy is by its nature inward-oriented and the intricacies of regional development imply uncertainty about its effects in different contexts. The article sheds light on the reasons of both sides for engaging in this unlikely policy learning effort and identifies its actors and mechanisms. It also critically assesses this process, stressing its one-way nature and the active role of the EU as a ‘policy-sender’, in contrast to most policy transfer literature citing demands by the policy-recipient as the predominant reason to engage in such cooperation.     

现今中国民法典编纂借鉴德国民法典的几点思考

当代中国,包括大陆、台湾和澳门的法制实际都是在借鉴和继受大陆法系法制,特别是德国法制的基础上建立的。无论从法律传统还是从现实情况看,我国目前正在进行的民事立法及将来的法典编纂没有特别的理由偏离这一既定取向。当然,这并不排除在具体规则和制度上借鉴吸收英美法系法制内容,以补充和完善整体法制。在此过程中,有两个基本而重要的制度及其理论直接涉及德国法制,即：民商分立和物权抽象原则。根据历史和现实的考察以及对民商法特征的分析,我国未来的民法典编纂仍应采取民商分立的模式,而且这实际已是一种现实。至于在德国国内始终存在很大争议的物权行为理论或抽象原则,我们则不应完全照搬,而要从中寻取启发,在此基础上根据我国的实际情况和我们自己的思路,建立一种较容易理解、较接近实际生活和便于操作的物权理论及其相应制度。     

Topics in macro-modelling of East European countries in the period of transition

Central and European former Centrally Planned Economies (CPEs) entered a period of transition towards market economies. The evolution is marked by a transition from shortage- to demand-determined economies, associated with the abandonment of price control and the introduction of tight wage control. Stabilization programmes (in Poland from 1990), implementing tough deflationary fiscal and monetary policies, brought about the suppression of hyperinflation. The high adjustment costs — deep recession, high rates of unemployment — are characteristics of the early '90s. The deregulation of the public sector and the building of the private one commenced, and will be a long-lasting process. To meet the changes in economic regimes and mechanisms, the existing models had to be adequately respecified and new models constructed. The large W-5 macromodel for Poland, which covers the final and intermediate demands, had to be extended to introduce the market adjustment mechanisms and, more broadly, the financial flows. To meet the needs of short-term financial policies, new quarterly models had to be built, as, for instance, the WK macromodel for the Polish economy. The paper discusses the major problems of the models' specification under the data constraints.     

中国反倾销司法审查尺度刍议

以规则为导向的世界贸易组织协议,为了保障各成员国切实履行国际义务,部分协议中设立了各国的司法审查义务。司法审查尺度作为司法审查深度的外在标准,反映了司法权对行政权的干预程度。在遵守《反倾销协议》司法审查原则性要求下,美国和欧盟的司法审查实践都体现了对行政行为的充分尊重。而中国有关的反倾销司法审查法律法规,却采用了十分严格的合法性审查标准。鉴于反倾销的专业性和特殊性,目前我国的反倾销司法审查尺度不宜过深,应该更加灵活化。     

脑钠尿肽作为心功能评价指标在法医学上的应用价值

脑钠尿肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)是临床上广泛应用反映心功能的主要指标,近来研究表明,脑钠尿肽对法医病理学心功能障碍导致的心源性猝死的认定也有帮助.本文就脑钠尿肽的结构、分子生物学特征以及在临床和实验研究中的进展加以综述,探讨其作为功能学指标在法医学方面的应用价值,认为运用免疫组织化...     

Globalization and Domestic Trade Policy Preferences: Foreign Frames and Mass Support for Agriculture Subsidies

Reforming agriculture trade policy is key to breaking the deadlock in multilateral trade negotiations. While existing studies have focused on institutions and interest group barriers to agriculture trade reform in developed countries, most have failed to recognize the broad support for agriculture protection among developed countries. In this article we examine one of the drivers of this support: the ability of politicians to frame their own agriculture policies as less generous relative to those of other countries. Drawing on existing literature on heuristics, we argue that voters are malleable to politicians’ comparative framing of agriculture policies. Using an original survey experiment in the United States, we find that framing US agriculture as less generous than other countries generates an additional 12% of respondents supporting increased farm payments to US farmers. These results speak to the difficulty in reforming agriculture and more broadly about the lack of public support for unilateral trade liberalization.     

Economic Crisis and Sub-national Elections in Selected European Countries. Three Types of Possible Relationships

During the past two decades, decentralisation issues have generated a keen interest in a large number of countries. However, this notion is very difficult to define as it refers to a wide range of institutional arrangements on the political, economic and social levels. There are many good reasons why the allocation of fiscal resources and budget transfers among levels of government must come after a strict assignment of spending powers. Hence, decentralisation as a silent revolution in public sector governance has swept across the globe and has reemerged as a valued political and economic goal in most countries, significantly varying from country to country. The purpose of this article is to show the impact of financial and economic crisis on sub-national government and sub-national elections in chosen European countries such as Poland, Ireland, Denmark and Greece. In some of the countries mentioned the sub-national run-offs were conducted with national parliamentary elections, but not in other countries, including Poland. Because of its uniqueness, however, the explanation of which constitutes an essential part of the article, Poland can be ‘a matiere a penser’ and a starting point for interesting analysis. As can be seen, the economic situation can not only change the election results, but also stabilise the political system, which is a good example of how the government party can manipulate public opinion, or even make elections a referendum on economic policy. The main determinant is the financial situation of sub-national government units and the country concerned.     

Complex Suicide by Self‐stabbing with Subsequent Drowning in the Sea

The paper presents a unique case of a complex suicide committed by a young man, mostly probably triggered by a disappointment in love. The uniqueness of the suicide lies in the fact that the victim inflicted several deep stab wounds on himself, in the chest and abdomen, while standing partly submerged in the sea and, having done so, he dropped and disappeared in the water. The postmortem examination showed, apart from deep wounds in the trunk, characteristics of drowning that manifested itself in the form of aqueous emphysema of the lungs. Suicide was clearly determined on the basis of the circumstances preceding death, the location, and arrangement of the trunk wounds and the testimony given by a witness of the incident. The circumstances preceding the suicidal act clearly suggest an underlying undiagnosed mental disorder.     

尿素氮、肌酐和尿酸死后生化学检测的法医学应用

死后生化学是法医鉴定中重要的检查手段。研究表明含氮化合物中尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸是临床上常用的生化学检测指标,其在法医死后生化学检测中也有重要的价值。本文就体内上述三者的特征及其在法医学中的研究及应用加以综述,以期为法医死后生化学分析提供参考。