全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3456篇 |
免费 | 89篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 328篇 |
工人农民 | 75篇 |
世界政治 | 367篇 |
外交国际关系 | 261篇 |
法律 | 1272篇 |
中国共产党 | 1篇 |
中国政治 | 23篇 |
政治理论 | 1179篇 |
综合类 | 39篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 33篇 |
2020年 | 61篇 |
2019年 | 59篇 |
2018年 | 100篇 |
2017年 | 118篇 |
2016年 | 119篇 |
2015年 | 78篇 |
2014年 | 94篇 |
2013年 | 606篇 |
2012年 | 87篇 |
2011年 | 103篇 |
2010年 | 86篇 |
2009年 | 124篇 |
2008年 | 152篇 |
2007年 | 140篇 |
2006年 | 102篇 |
2005年 | 109篇 |
2004年 | 106篇 |
2003年 | 86篇 |
2002年 | 95篇 |
2001年 | 71篇 |
2000年 | 64篇 |
1999年 | 68篇 |
1998年 | 61篇 |
1997年 | 55篇 |
1996年 | 46篇 |
1995年 | 57篇 |
1994年 | 47篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 50篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 41篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 34篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 27篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 20篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有3545条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
Peter Blunt 《公共行政管理与发展》2003,23(2):125-139
An assessment is made of the state of sustainable human development (SHD) and the institutions of governance that are in the process of being established in the rebel‐held areas of Southern Sudan. The development roles of the main governance actors—government, civil society and the private sector—are examined and capacity‐building needs are described. The importance of good leadership, institutionalised partnerships between government and national and international NGOs, and capacity building for transparency and accountability is stressed. Most pointedly, the risks of allowing governance practices, suited to the management of a liberation struggle, to spill over into the civil administration of a peaceful state are emphasised. The conditions necessary for the institutionalisation of sound governance practices are discussed. Of particular importance are a genuine desire on the part of the leadership to establish such conditions and a willingness on the part of external donors to address issues of accountability and transparency openly in collaboration with the leadership. The data are also suggestive of broad development strategies that address the bases of SHD and empowerment. These broad strategies are designed to improve the very low levels of health and education that exist in the Southern Sudan, and thereby empower people to engage in economic activity and in governance decision‐making. Rehabilitation and maintenance of the physical infrastructure underlies all development activity. The findings highlight the governance difficulties faced by war‐torn societies, the challenges facing post‐crisis administrations and (confirming Caplan 2002) the need for such administrations to possess sufficient executive authority to be able to perform effectively in situations of ‘pre‐state, post‐imperial chaos’. Most critical of all, however, is the genuine interest of the major powers in doing more than—when it suits them—extinguishing the flames of conflict or establishing acquiescent political regimes following the military pacification of ‘rogue’ or anarchic states. Effective post‐crisis administration and development calls for much greater commitment of resources from the major powers than has been forthcoming to date, reflecting a belief among them that equitable and sustainable global development is the preferred route to the prevention of such crises. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
G. A. Mackenzie Peter S. Heller Philip Gerson Alfredo Cuevas 《Public Budgeting & Finance》2003,23(1):115-127
The increased budget deficit caused by the privatization of a public pension plan does not imply a relaxation of the stance of fiscal policy. The reform's impact on the fiscal stance and national saving depends primarily on its effect on the sum of explicit and implicit public debt and on the postreform payroll tax and private system contribution rates. Its impact also depends on the difference between the rate of interest on implicit and that on explicit public debt, among other influences. Pension privatization, if not offset by fiscal consolidation, can loosen the fiscal stance in some circumstances. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
‘Twinning’ is the distinctive method employed during the last two decades by the Swedish International Development Co‐operation Agency (Sida) to promote institutional capacity building in development co‐operation. This article reports on a study undertaken to provide evidence which would help Sida to make judgements about the efficacy of the twinning model as a basis for sustainable capacity building, and to explore ways of enhancing the method. The study indicates that the twinning method has potential advantages over other modes of development co‐operation, particularly that it offers enhanced possibilities for organizational learning and sustainable capacity building. However, the study suggests that this potential is not being fully exploited. Twinning arrangements have produced major benefits in professional/technical upgrading, but there is less evidence of outcomes at the level of sustainable institutional capacity building. Contrary to Sida's expectations of its distinctive advantages, in operation, twinning tends to become a rather routine process, viewed by developing country partners as an unexceptional way of delivering aid which presents few fundamental challenges and provides essentially the same benefits as alternative methods. It appears that institutional development and organizational learning are generally not issues of major significance for partner organizations in twinning arrangements. Even at the individual level the focus is on training rather than learning, which results in the usual emphasis on formal off‐job training rather than seeking opportunities for learning from work. The article presents ideas on how the current twinning approach might be renovated, and considers how agencies such as Sida might enhance their development co‐operation in the realm of governance by moving beyond twinning. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
997.
998.
Peter K. Hatemi John R. Hibbing Sarah E. Medland Matthew C. Keller John R. Alford Kevin B. Smith Nicholas G. Martin Lindon J. Eaves 《American journal of political science》2010,54(3):798-814
Variance components estimates of political and social attitudes suggest a substantial level of genetic influence, but the results have been challenged because they rely on data from twins only. In this analysis, we include responses from parents and nontwin full siblings of twins, account for measurement error by using a panel design, and estimate genetic and environmental variance by maximum‐likelihood structural equation modeling. By doing so, we address the central concerns of critics, including that the twin‐only design offers no verification of either the equal environments or random mating assumptions. Moving beyond the twin‐only design leads to the conclusion that for most political and social attitudes, genetic influences account for an even greater proportion of individual differences than reported by studies using more limited data and more elementary estimation techniques. These findings make it increasingly difficult to deny that—however indirectly—genetics plays a role in the formation of political and social attitudes. 相似文献
999.
Peter Thisted Dinesen 《Scandinavian political studies》2010,33(1):93-111
The aim of this article is to analyse the causes of generalised trust among immigrants. Three different explanations of generalised trust are examined, focusing on the role of a restrictive upbringing, early experiences of discrimination and social identity. The data consist of a panel of immigrants from Turkey, Pakistan and former Yugoslavia living in Denmark and surveyed in 1988 and 1999. The results from a multivariate analysis, including a host of background variables, show that only a restrictive upbringing affects generalised trust significantly as having experienced this type of upbringing leads to lower trust. Early experiences of discrimination and social identity in terms of national identification do not affect generalised trust. The article concludes by discussing the finding that parental socialisation in terms of a restrictive upbringing affects generalised trust. 相似文献
1000.
Peter Kurrild-Klitgaard 《Public Choice》2010,143(3-4):339-352
Elinor Ostrom and the Bloomington School’s important contributions include the development of the concept of “polycentric” political systems and the demonstration that solutions to common-pool resource problems may be solved voluntarily by rational individuals, even in situations that resemble Prisoners’ Dilemmas. The program, however, pays little attention to how individuals’ ability to exit may affect the interaction in Prisoners’ Dilemma-like situations, for worse or better. We argue why this is a worthwhile consideration and survey results from public choice and game theory. 相似文献