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81.
Ruth Peters Mimi Lusli Marjolein Zweekhorst Beatriz Miranda-Galarza Wim van Brakel Irwanto 《Development in Practice》2015,25(8):1105-1119
International attention for disability recognises that it plays an important role in persistent poverty. Leprosy can cause preventable disability. Stigma associated with leprosy often has greater implications for people affected than physical impairments. The Stigma Assessment and Reduction of Impact (SARI) project in Indonesia employs an action research methodology to develop stigma reduction interventions. By exploring the different mindsets of the stakeholders in the reconnaissance phase of the project, the project identified differences in aspirations, attitudes to research, and conflicting intrinsic models of disability. The differences in mindsets are not symptoms of failure but, rather, should be actively sought out. 相似文献
82.
Over the next twenty years, accelerating scientific and technical developments will spawn immense changes to society that can be both crucially beneficial and tragically destructive. This trend, principally occurring outside of government control, is both helping the United States to improve defense and economic security and producing threats to national security. To deal with these increasingly technical issues, the nation's leadership needs to be armed with considerable scientific and technological acumen. Hence, the United States should explore the creation of a national security science and technology (S&T) strategy that improves: (1) scientific analysis available to decision makers; (2) understanding of the S&T needed to maintain national security; (3) coordination and collaboration among S&T providers; (4) control of dangerous technologies; (5) technology prioritization and acquisition processes; and (6) the dialog on enhancing the application of the products of private sector and foreign research for American national security purposes. Policies that address these issues will have to achieve the difficult balance between government and scientists’ influence over research and development (R&D). This article explores how to better deliver technical advice to high-level decision makers, as a means to better deal with emerging threats that are enabled by the rapid innovation and proliferation of scientific knowledge throughout the world. 相似文献
83.
Acknowledging debates about what constitutes effective and useful evaluation practice, this paper explores the particular challenges of evaluating an innovative approach to community development for multiple stakeholders with different interests and different levels of confidence in particular evaluation methodologies. The innovation – applying an Asset Based approach to Community Development (ABCD) in an Ethiopian context – presents further challenges to evaluation because of its open-ended nature and problems of attribution. On the other hand, the culture of risk-taking encouraged by the supporters of innovation provides the space for genuine lessons to be learnt about failure as well as success. 相似文献
84.
Evaluation of the fitness of an accused person to participate in legal proceedings is a classic forensic activity. Before the trial, the forensic expert will already assess any preexisting somatic and psychological illnesses and give a written expert opinion describing the condition of the accused at the time of the examination and assessing whether he is fit to stand trial. Nevertheless, decompensation or aggravation of a disease may occur--especially in stress situations as they are to be expected for an accused in the courtroom--so that apart from the current evaluation of the state of health of the accused, emergency treatment may occasionally become necessary in the courtroom. The article tries to answer the question how the expert can meet this challenge. 相似文献
85.
Timothy D. Peters 《Law and Critique》2018,29(3):271-292
This article seeks to contribute to the thinking of forms of corporateness, sociality and authority in the context of, but also beyond, neoliberalism, the neoliberal state and neoliberal accounts of the corporation. It considers neoliberalism in relation to the theological genealogies of modernity, politics and economy, and the way in which neoliberalism itself functions as a secular religion—one which intensifies liberal individualism and involves a blind faith in the market redefining all social interactions in terms of contract. I turn to the theological genealogies of sovereignty and economy, and of the corporation, as a way of grounding a radical consideration of collectivity and sociality. For, while the rise of neoliberalism is associated with the growth of multi-national or trans-national corporations, the privatisation of state assets and the corporatisation of public institutions, each of these involve not a diminishing of the state or the project of state sovereignty but rather its reformulation, reaffirmation and intensification. The corporation, despite being redefined as the interaction of fundamentally self-willing and contracting individuals operating in the market, is still fundamentally intertwined with state sovereignty. Attempts to address or respond to corporate power need to go beyond calls for greater regulation of corporations, increased corporate social responsibility or even the desire to eliminate corporate personhood. Rather, what is required is a greater emphasis on the notion of corporateness that undergirds the theological genealogy of the corporation—for if neoliberalism functions as a religion then part of the solution may be a theological one. 相似文献
86.
87.
Public pensions and voting on immigration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In a recent paper, Scholten and Thum (1996) analyze the impact of a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system with a fixed replacement ratio on the immigration policy in a democracy. We extend the analysis of median voter's choice in two respects. First, in contrast to Scholten and Thum (1996) who assume myopic voting behavior, our paper considers fully rational agents and provides a solution under this more complex behavioral assumption. Voting with rational agents yields a more liberal immigration policy than with myopic voters. Second, we examine a different decision structure with a fixed contribution rate to the pension system. In this case the majority rule leads to a completely different solution. 相似文献
88.
M.K. Giacomini Beyond M.A. Peters 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》1998,41(4):553-586
Abstract: The 1994 introduction of midwifery as a publicly paid service in Ontario created new incentives in the health-care system. Traditional economic models of financial incentives explain stakeholder responses in terms of the pursuit of financial gains and avoidance of financial losses. To explore and explain more social and political responses by stakeholders, we conducted a qualitative case study. We applied an alternative model of financial incentives to analyze funding arrangements as policy messages and to investigate how stakeholders interpret them. Interpretations of the midwifery funding structure follow three broad themes. First, payment structures make a policy statement about the legitimacy and autonomy of the midwifery profession and its status relative to other professions such as medicine and nursing. Second, funding mechanisms imply how midwifery's services will fit in with other health services (specifically, substituting for, adding to, or competing with traditional obstetrics). Finally, stakeholders caricaturize midwifery clients to illustrate whether public funding creates more or less equitable access to care. Ontario's experience with midwifery offers insights for understanding the social dimensions of financial incentives, as well as for anticipating issues that arise when using funding policies as instruments of health-care reform. Sommaire: L'introduction en 1994 des services de sage-femme déefrayés a même les deniers publics en Ontario a Créeée de nouveaux incitatifs au sein du systéme de soins de santé. Selon les modèles économiques d'incitatifs financiers classiques, les réactions des intervenants s'expliquent par la recherche de gains financiers ou l'effort d'éviter les pertes. Nous avons entrepris une étude de cas qualitative pour explorer et expliquer d'autres réactions sociales et politiques de la part des intervenants. Nous avons fait appel à un modèle d'incitatifs financiers alternatif pour analyser les schémas de financement en tant que messages politiques et pour vérifier la manière dont les intervenants les interprètent. Les interprétations de la structure de financement des services de sage-femme se rangent dans trois grandes catégories. Premièrement, les structures de paiement équivalent à une déclaration sur la légitimité et l'autonomie de la professon de sage-femme et sur son statut relativement à d'autres professions, telles que la médecine et l'infirmerie. Deuxièmement, les mécanismes de financement indiquent comment les services de sage-femme se rapportent aux autres services de santé (plus précisément s'agit-il là d'un substitut, d'un complément ou d'un concurrent des services obstétriques classiques?). Enfin, les intervenants tracent les portraits types de la clieritèle des sages-femmes pour déterminer si le financement public permet d'accéder aux soins voulus de manière plus ou moins équitable. L'expérience ontarienne dans le domaine des services de sage-femme aide à cerner les dimensions sociales des incitatifs financiers ainsi qu'à prévoir les questions qui se posent lorsqu'on utilise des politiques de financement comme instruments de réforme des soins de santé. 相似文献
89.
Federal Cost Recovery in Child Support Enforcement: Incentives for Improving Long-Term Effectiveness
Over the last 15 years, the benefits of operating an efficient child support enforcement program has received greater attention. This article examines the general environment in which child support enforcement programs operate and describes the Virginia experience over the last three years, which has seen AFDC collections increase by over 45 percent and all collections increase by more than 60 percent. 相似文献
90.
G G Peters 《American journal of law & medicine》1984,10(1):115-138
Under the doctrine of hospital corporate liability, the hospital governing board bears the responsibility for detecting the incompetence of its staff physicians. Since hospital governing boards are generally composed of lay community members, they lack the expertise to evaluate the clinical competence of their staff. Therefore, they must delegate their screening responsibilities to medical staff review committees. After analyzing the development of hospital corporate liability doctrine, this Note examines the respective policing capabilities of review committees and the governing board. The Note contends that the board should not be held liable for aspects of the policing process which it is incapable of controlling. The Note concludes that, given their superior ability to evaluate clinical competency, staff review committees should shoulder the responsibility for the clinical aspects of staff evaluation, leaving remaining aspects to the hospital governing board. The Note proposes that courts should recognize a cause of action for negligence against medical staff review committee members in order to upgrade the effective policing of the medical profession. 相似文献