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41.
B. Guy Peters 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(12):1759-1776
One component of the increasing emphasis on management in the public sector is an emphasis on serving the “customer” of public sector agencies. Although it is difficult to argue that the clients of the public agencies should not be served courteously and efficiently, there are a number of questions about whether they should be thought of as customers in the same way as in the private sector. Some of those questions are empirical, related to difficulties in clearly identifying the customers of agencies. Other questions are normative, related to the proper definition of the role of the clients of public agencies and the definition of the public interest. These problems require serious rethinking of any simplistic adoption of a customer orientation in government. 相似文献
42.
B. Guy Peters 《West European politics》2013,36(2):22-36
Decision making in the European Union has been argued to present a ‘joint‐decision trap’, in which the ability of national actors to block decisions unilaterally produces decision making by the lowest common denominator. While this outcome is apparent in some decision situations it is far from a general outcome. The division of decisions into functional specialities and the continuing nature of the policy debates limits the capacity of ‘high politics’ to hinder decision making. Further, there are ways in which a policy entrepreneur can structure decisions to eliminate this sub‐optimal outcome. 相似文献
43.
Beatrix Elsner Marcelo Aebi Bruno Aubusson de Cavarlay Gwladys Gillieron Hakan Hakeri Jörg-Martin Jehle Martin Killias Christopher Lewis Julia Peters Erika Roth Paul Smit Piotr Sobota Ksenjia Turkovic Marianne Wade Josef Zila 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2008,14(2-3):123-132
The article presents a special form of a European comparative synopsis. For this case examples have been chosen ranging from administrative or minor (criminal) offences to increasingly serious offences and offenders. In this way it can be comparatively demonstrated how the criminal justice systems studied handle specific cases and whether they do so in a similar or different way. 相似文献
44.
Brierley J Peters MJ 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2012,33(3):e12; author reply e12-e12; author reply e14
45.
The word “charisma” is widely and carelessly employed, without investigation or definition of the phenomenon. Rather than
a singular attribute, charisma is complex, manifesting itself in at least three non-exclusive forms: innate charisma, achieved
charisma, and the charisma of position. Given the human craving for leadership, understanding the different forms of charisma
and their associated strengths and weaknesses helps us steer between, triumph, tragedy and travesty. 相似文献
46.
This Article reviews the essential findings of studies of variations in quality of care according to three categories of care: effective care, preference-sensitive care, and supply-sensitive care. It argues that malpractice liability and informed consent laws should be based on standards of practice that are appropriate to each category of care. In the case of effective care, the legal standard should be that virtually all of those in need should receive the treatment, whether or not it is currently customary to provide it. In the case of preference-sensitive care, the law should recognize the failure of the doctrine of informed consent to assure that patient preferences are respected in choice of treatment; we suggest that the law adopt a standard of informed patient choice in which patients are invited, not merely to consent to a recommended treatment, but to choose the treatment that best advances their preferences. In the case of supply-sensitive care, we suggest that physicians who seek to adopt more conservative patterns of practice be protected under the "respectable minority" or "two schools of thought" doctrine. 相似文献
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49.
In the wake of the “audit revolution” during the 1980s and 1990s, administrative systems across the western world have tended to gradually downplay evaluation as a component of the policy process. At the same time, auditing has dramatically increased in scope and depth, and has also, to some extent, come to fill the role in policymaking previously played by evaluation studies. This article reviews this development from the perspective of policymaking and institutional change or “drift.” Specifically, we look at the types of information and knowledge that are lost and gained as a result of these developments. We apply a cross‐national approach, drawing on the examples from the European and North American contexts. 相似文献
50.