Plastic face reconstruction as a possibility for identifying unknown skulls (II). An evaluation of the reliability of the reconstruction technic by a double-blind trial

In a double blind-trial two examiners reconstructed the soft tissue on lifelike casts of 12 skulls. They worked independently after having been given information about age, sex and constitution of the person in question and following a reconstruction plan based on the morphology of the skull. The comparison of the completed reconstruction with each other chiefly showed approximate to far-reaching degrees of resemblance and conformity. The comparison of reconstructions and photographs of the individuals also showed predominantly approximate to far-reaching likeness of the general impression, and, with one exception, at least little likeness was achieved. The reconstruction of soft tissue on the skull proved to be a relatively useful method of identifying unknown skulls, provided information on the colour and length of the hair, and possibly on the hairstyle as well, is at the examiner's disposal.     

The procedural presidency of George Bush

He is author of Searching for Safety; Risk and Culture; Budgeting; Speaking Truth to Power; The Beleaguered Presidency;and coauthor of Presidential Elections.     

The GATT and Environmental Policy: An Analysis of Potential Conflicts and Policy Reforms

The emergence of a worldwide environmental movement in the early 1960s accompanied an international expansion of economic activity and applied technology. The principal medium through which this expansion progressed was trade. In 1947, following World War II, a series of international agreements were negotiated to regularize international relations in finance, monetary policies, and trade. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was negotiated without anticipation of an international environmental movement and new policies at the national level that did not reflect, and might be inconsistent with, economic values. Conflict between policies for freedom of trade and environmental protection did not immediately emerge. With the adoption of numerous environmental protection measures in the United States and many other countries after 1969, the incompatibility of some trade and environmental policies became political issues. Trade policies are not confined to economic changes. Policy issues developing around the agreement and environmental protection are complex, and frequently involve technological issues, as in the Mexican tuna controversy discussed in this paper.     

NOT JUST BRICKS AND MORTAR: EEO IN HOMESWEST

Abstract: Moves by both state and federal governments to implement private sector management practices in government administration have received attention from a number of writers. Feminist critics of corporate management argue that, in very devolved situations, public sector management concentrates on the achievement of program outcomes to the detriment of other management objectives and Equal Employment Opportunity is ignored. The contention that efficiency and effectiveness are promoted at the expense of equity under a regime of public sector corporate management will be addressed through a case study of the West Australian Housing Commission, Homeswest. This paper examines the results of Equal Employment Opportunity programs in a highly corporatised state government agency.     

Can public information programs affect risk perceptions?

This article provides the first controlled evaluation of how different information materials explaining the risks from radon influenced people's perceptions of these risks. Using a panel study, it was possible to observe how stated risk perceptions responded to information about indoor radon concentrations and brochures explaining the radon readings. The findings indicate that risk communication policies can be effective in modifying risk perceptions. Moreover, they have three specific implications for radon policy: (1) Public officials should not adopt strategies that provide minimal risk information to the public as a means of avoiding undue alarm, for this can have the reverse effect; (2) measures of the effectiveness of risk communication will depend on how education and behavior change are defined; (3) categorical guidelines about risk without quantitative information can lead people to treat the levels as thresholds, creating an artificial discontinuity in their responses to small changes in risk perceptions.     

Gender-specific pathways to intimacy in early adolescence

As part of a larger longitudinal study of psychosocial development, 148 girls and 130 boys were administered a series of questions regarding a close friend during their eighth-grade school year. Scales corresponding to shared experience, self-disclosure, and intimacy (defined as emotional closeness) were developed from these items. Path-analytic models tested the relative strength of the self-disclosure and shared experience paths to emotional closeness for boys and girls separately. The results indicated that the self-disclosure path to emotional closeness is significant for both boys and girls. No relationship was found between shared experience and emotional closeness in girls when controlling for self-disclosure. The relationship between shared experience and feelings of closeness was, however, significant for boys even while controlling for the effects of self-disclosure. Covariance structure analysis (LISREL) indicated that the covariance matrices for the three scales were significantly different for boys and girls. The results are considered in relation to the gender socialization and friendship literature. The potential importance of defining intimacy as emotional closeness is also discussed.The research reported here was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH30252/38142 to Anne C. Petersen.Research interests include the development of the self-sytem and close relationships during adolescence and young adulthood.Research interests include adolescent mental health and parent and peer relationships.Received Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1973. Research interest is biopsychosocial development in adolescence, with a focus on sex differences in mental health.     

Measurement of the psychological well-being of adolescents: The psychometric properties and assessment procedures of the how I feel

The assessment procedures and psychometric properties of the How I Feel (HIF), an instrument used to assess psychological well-being in a population of Black adolescents are described. The audiovisual mode of presentation obviates problems related to reading skill; in addition, it standardizes the administration of the instrument. The How I Feel appears to measure reliably and validly several multi-item constructs representing psychological well-being. These constructs relate to other instruments and constructs in meaningful and interesting ways. A major result of our validity studies is that there appear to be two major components of psychological well-being, psychopathology and self-esteem.Research presented in this paper is from the Social Psychiatry Study Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago and was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-00787).Received her Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. Main research interests are biopsychosocial development in adolescence, especially for girls, and applications of statistical and psychometric methods to problems in longitudinal research.Received his M.D. from University of Maryland. His psychiatric residency and research training was at Yale University and National Institute of Mental Health. Main research interests are long-term studies of social adaptation, psychological well-being (including psychopathology), and social structure and processes of the family and other social fields such as the psychiatric ward.