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Revolving Roles in Drug-Related Crime: The Cost of Chronic Drug Users as Victims and Perpetrators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael T. French Kathryn E. McCollister Pierre Kébreau Alexandre Dale D. Chitwood Clyde B. McCoy 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2004,20(3):217-241
Numerous studies have established a strong connection between the use of illicit drugs and the commission of other illegal activities, including both predatory and property crimes. No study, however, has examined the cost of crimes associated with drug users both as victims and as perpetrators. In the present study, recent data were analyzed from a targeted sample of chronic drug users (CDUs) and a matched sample of non-drug users (NDUs) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, to estimate the incremental cost of crime associated with CDU. Two separate models were employed to estimate (1) the probability of being a victim or a perpetrator of crime and (2) the cost of crime for both situations. The cost measures were transformed to reduce the influence of extreme outliers, and a smearing technique was used to compare the cost of crime for CDUs relative to NDUs. The findings illustrate that criminal activity among CDUs is circular, extensive, and costly. Implications for law enforcement, criminal justice policy, and substance abuse treatment are discussed. 相似文献
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Pierre Legrand 《The Modern law review》1995,58(2):262-273
Peter de Cruz, A Modern Approach to Comparative Law , Deventer: Kluwer, 1993, x + 350 pp, Dfl 90. 相似文献
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Pierre Brunet 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》1991,4(2):213-224
Sans résumé 相似文献
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Stauffer E Becue A Singh KV Thampi KR Champod C Margot P 《Forensic science international》2007,168(1):e5-e9
This paper proposes an alternative solution to multimetal deposition (MMD) for the development of latent fingermarks on non-porous and porous surfaces. MMD offers a good sensitivity, however it is very time-consuming and requires many reagents to be carried out. Single-metal deposition (SMD) replaces the silver enhancement of the gold colloids by a gold enhancement procedure. This reduces the number of baths by one as well as the number of reagents and their cost, utilizes reagents with a longer shelf life, and most importantly reduces the labor-intensity of the procedure. It offers quasi-identical results to MMD and thus makes a very attractive alternative. 相似文献
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Pierre Duez M.A.Sc. Todd Weller M.S. Marcus Brubaker Ph.D. Richard E. Hockensmith B.S. II Ryan Lilien M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1069-1084
The transition from 2D imaging to 3D scanning in the discipline of firearms and toolmark analysis is likely to provide examiners an unprecedented view of microscopic surface topography. The digital examination of measured 3D surface topographies has been referred to as virtual microscopy (VM). The approach offers several potential advantages over traditional comparison microscopy. Like any new analytic method, VM must be validated prior to its use in a crime laboratory. This paper describes one of the first validation studies of virtual microscopy. Fifty‐six participants at fifteen laboratories used virtual microscopic tools to complete two proficiency‐style tests for cartridge case identification. All participating trained examiners correctly reported 100% of the identifications (known matches) while reporting no false positives. The VM tools also allowed examiners to annotate compared surfaces. These annotations provide insight into the types of marked utilized in comparative analysis. Overall, the results of the study demonstrate that trained examiners can successfully use virtual microscopy to conduct firearms toolmark examination and support the use of the technology in the crime laboratory. 相似文献