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81.
Bianca E. Bersani Thomas A. Loughran Alex R. Piquero 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(11):1914-1933
Research on immigration and crime has only recently started to consider potential heterogeneity in longitudinal patterns of immigrant offending. Guided by segmented assimilation and life course criminology frameworks, this article advances prior research on the immigration-crime nexus in three ways: using a large sample of high-risk adjudicated youth containing first and second generation immigrants; examining longitudinal trajectories of official and self-reported offending; and merging segmented assimilation and life course theories to distinguish between offending patterns. Data come from the Pathways to Desistance study containing detailed offending and socio-demographic background information on 1,354 adolescents (13.6 % female; n = 1,061 native-born; n = 210 second generation immigrants; n = 83 first generation immigrants) as they transition to young adulthood (aged 14–17 at baseline). Over 84 months we observe whether patterns of offending, and the correlates that may distinguish them, operate differently across immigrant generations. Collectively, this study offers the first investigation of whether immigrants, conditioned on being adjudicated, are characterized by persistent offending. Results show that first generation immigrants are less likely to be involved in serious offending and to evidence persistence in offending, and appear to be on a path toward desistance much more quickly than their peers. Further, assimilation and neighborhood disadvantage operate in unique ways across generational status and relate to different offending styles. The findings show that the risk for persistent offending is greatest among those with high levels of assimilation who reside in disadvantaged contexts, particularly among the second generation youth in the sample. 相似文献
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Purpose
There is a sizable literature documenting the relationship between resting heart rate and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. Absent from the literature is the extent to which heart rate has long-term prediction into late middle adulthood and the extent to which such effects are specific to certain crime types, such as violence, or whether heart rate effects are more general.Methods
This study uses data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a longitudinal study of 411 South London males followed through age 50 in order to examine these two research questions.Results
Results suggest that lower heart rates are significantly associated with total conviction frequency and involvement in violence. This pattern of relationships is not altered by the inclusion of additional risk factors such as early childhood risk factors, adolescent involvement in smoking, body mass index, participation in team sports, binge drinking, or a measure of impulsivity.Conclusions
Heart rate was found to be a significant correlate of criminal offending. Study limitations and implications are discussed. 相似文献84.
85.
Nicole Leeper Piquero 《Trends in Organized Crime》2005,8(4):40-61
Intellectual property refers to the ownership and rights to use creative work that result from intellectual activity. Although
there are four recognized categories of intellectual property (patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and copyright), copyright
violations have garnered much attention of late because of the copying of software, movies, videogames, and music that deny
publishers and authors' economic returns on their property. In order to understand this growing form of theft and the costs
and consequences of such actions, the current research has three foci. First, the types of activities that fall under the
rubric of intellectual property are identified and defined. Second, the causes or theoretical arguments developed to understand
intellectual property theft are identified and discussed. Third, prevention techniques are examined in order to understand
what is currently being done to control and prevent the misuse and theft of intellectual property. A research agenda outlining
data collection efforts is also presented. 相似文献
86.
Research has shown a link between police officer stress and negative coping strategies, particularly problematic alcohol consumption. Unfortunately, most research on this topic has not been theoretically informed. Agnew's general strain theory (GST) offers a potential theoretical explanation for this relationship. Furthermore, few studies of GST had been conducted on samples other than school-aged adolescents or college students. The purpose of this study was two-fold. First, the authors examined whether GST could explain drinking prevalence and problematic alcohol consumption among police officers. Second, the generalizability of GST to a sample of police officers was examined. Using data collected from a large sample of Baltimore, Maryland police officers, support for GST was found. Consistent with theoretical expectations, multivariate logit and ordinal logit regression models showed that the relationship between work-related strain and drinking prevalence and problematic alcohol consumption was mediated through anxiety/depression. Ideas for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Joanna M. Lee Laurence Steinberg Alex R. Piquero George P. Knight 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(1):23-37
Ethnic identity development can play a role in youths’ perceptions and attitudes concerning police, but this process has not
been explored in delinquent samples. In this article, we examine how youths’ perceptions of police legitimacy and levels of
legal cynicism are related to processes of ethnic identity development. Participants were 561 black youth ages 14–18 (12%
female) who were adjudicated of a felony or serious misdemeanor. Data were taken from semi-annual interviews conducted over
3 years. Increased ethnic identity exploration was related to positive perceptions of police legitimacy and lower legal cynicism.
Higher ethnic identity affirmation predicted higher perceived legitimacy over time, but affirmation was not related to legal
cynicism after accounting for psychosocial maturity. This study provides evidence that ethnic identity development operates
similarly among high risk youth as in non-delinquent samples, and that it is connected to beliefs that can have implications
for juvenile offenders’ future compliance with the law. 相似文献
89.
Piquero AR 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(7):761-775
The study of criminal careers generally, and patterns of continuity and change in criminal offending in particular, has been
a long-standing interest to social scientists across many disciplines. This article provides readers with an overview of this
line of research. After an introduction to the criminal career perspective, the article presents several ‘facts’ that have
emerged from criminal career studies. This material segues into a discussion of theories based on criminal careers research
as well as a related discussion of the emerging methods and trends in the area. The article closes with some observations
about public policy with respect to criminal careers knowledge and identifies some neglected research needs. A key summary
conclusion is that the processes associated with continuity and change are not mutually exclusive, but instead are important
and complimentary aspects of criminal careers research. 相似文献
90.
Jennifer M. Reingle Wesley G. Jennings Alex R. Piquero Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina 《Justice Quarterly》2014,31(3):524-538
Longitudinal offending research has grown substantially in the last two decades. Despite this increased scholarly attention, longitudinal investigations of the effects of offending on physical health have not kept pace. Acknowledging the intersections of criminology, criminal justice, and public health, this study examines the relationship between violent offending and chronic diseases among a nationally representative longitudinal sample of young adults. Results suggest that variation across offender typologies (i.e. adolescence-limited, adult-onset, and consistent violence during youth and young adulthood) significantly predicts experiencing chronic disease in early adulthood, with the risk being the most pronounced among those individuals, who demonstrate violence continuity. Study limitations and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献