Non-repellency of two insect growth regulators with juvenile hormone activity to Blattella germanica

Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) adults and nymphs provided with choice food did not discriminate against food treated (200 ppm) with either R-20458 or Ro 20-3600 indicating the absence of non-preference. Also, in a separate study with treated paper cards (0.5 mg/cm²), these two insect growth regulators did not exhibit any significant repellency to the German cockroach adults. Farnesol, however, was found to be significantly repellent. The bait formulations of synthetic insect growth regulators with juvenile hormone activity appear promising for the control of German cockroach.

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Zusammenfassung Bei Wahlversuchen entschieden sich Adulte und Nymphen vonBlattella germanica (L.) nicht gegen Nahrung, die mit R-20458 oder mit Ro 20-3600 behandelt war (200 ppm), womit das Fehlen einer Non-Pr?ferenz erwiesen war. Ferner zeigten in einer gesonderten Studie mit behandelten Papierkarten (0,5 mg/cm²) diese zwei Insektenwachstumsregulatoren keine signifikante Abschreckung gegenüber Adulten der Deutschen Schabe. Dagegen erwies sich Farnesol signifikant als repellent. K?derformulierungen von synthetischen Insektenwachstumsregulatoren mit Juvenilhormonaktivit?t erscheinen aussichtsreich für die Bek?mpfung der Deutschen Schabe.

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Paper of the Journal Series, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Sudden infant death due to asplenia syndrome

An apparently healthy 80-day-old boy died suddenly for no apparent reason. The autopsy revealed that the patient had had congenital asplenia, extensive cardiovascular anomalies, and other organ malformations, including trisegmented lungs, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and cranial bones, a symmetrical liver, accessory hepatic tissue in the adrenal glands, malrotation of the intestine, and hypoplasia of the greater omentum.     

Racial variation in the sternal extremity of the rib and its effect on age determination

Most research on the aging process in the skeleton has not considered or elaborated differences that may exist between the races. Thus, techniques developed for the estimation of age assume that the racial background of the standards is compatible with the specimens to be assessed. However, racial differences in areas such as skeletal growth and bone density have been reported, along with specific variations in the aging process, in the ribs of disparate populations. The present investigation examines metamorphosis in the sternal ribs of American blacks (N = 53 males, N = 20 females), and tests the application of age estimation standards developed by the authors from a white population. All specimens were obtained from medical examiner's cases of known age, sex, and race. Although the sample was limited in both quantity and age range, analysis of the data revealed racial differences in both rate and pattern of metamorphosis. Statistical analysis showed that the calculated mean age per phase for black ribs was nearly identical to whites in Phases 1 through 4 or until the mean age of 28 years. By the early 30s, differences in morphology and their chronological association with the aging process became apparent and increased with age in both sexes. Blacks were consistently overaged from 3 to 10 years in Phases 5 through 7. Therefore, it was concluded that biological differences between these populations do exist and can affect age estimation from the rib. Social factors may also be involved, but they cannot be demonstrated from the available data. While the degree of interracial variation does not require completely new standards, the authors have suggested specific modifications of the white standards for use on black specimens.     

Event-related brain potentials as indicators of visual recognition and detection of criminals by their use.

An event-related potential (ERP) was recorded, using photographs as stimuli, in 12 subjects for attended, 9 subjects for non-attended conditions and 14 subjects for a simulated criminal investigation. An ERP was detected only when a subject recognized a familiar image (target) mixed with other, unfamiliar images (non-target), regardless of whether he was asked to attend to or neglect the target image. ERPs in the subject who watched each picture but tried to ignore the relevant picture (non-attended) were more activated at the parietal region than at the central region, in contrast with ERPs in the subjects who paid attention to each picture without trying to ignore the relevant picture (attended). In the simulated criminal investigation, only a simulated thief, but not a simulated innocent subject elicited ERP only after the picture of a criminal site or thing was intermingled with pictures bearing no relationship to the crime. These findings indicate that the ERP using photographs as stimuli is useful as an objective indicator of crime-relevance.     

Thiamylal: review of the literature and report of a suicide

A 28-year-old white male medical student was found hanging by the neck from the bathroom closet of a hotel room. An intravenous infusion line leading from a bottle of thiamylal sodium (an ultrashort-acting barbiturate) was inserted into the antecubital vein of the left arm. Blood was analyzed for alcohol and other volatiles and for acidic, basic, and neutral drugs. Only thiamylal was detected. Thiamylal was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, and its presence was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The tissue distribution of thiamylal was 29 mg/L in blood, 1.4 mg/L in urine, 16 mg/L in bile, 135 mg/kg in liver, 25 mg/kg in kidney, and 0.4 mg in the stomach contents. The uptake and distribution of thiamylal is similar to thiopental. The distribution of the drug in this case was compared to that of other fatalities involving ultrashort-acting barbiturates.     

Examining Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem Among Biracial and Monoracial Adolescents

The psychological well-being and ethnic identity of biracial adolescents are largely underrepresented topics in current scholarly literature, despite the growing population of biracial and multiracial individuals in the United States. This study examined self-esteem, ethnic identity, and the relationship between these constructs among biracial and monoracial adolescents (n = 3282). Using analysis of covariance, significant differences emerged between biracial and monoracial adolescents on both a measure of self-esteem and a measure of ethnic identity. Specifically, biracial adolescents showed significantly higher levels of self-esteem than their Asian counterparts, but significantly lower self-esteem than Black adolescents. Furthermore, biracial adolescents scored significantly higher than Whites on a measure of ethnic identity, but scored lower than their Black, Asian, and Latino peers on the same measure. Finally, correlational analyses revealed a significant and positive relationship between ethnic identity and self-esteem for all groups.     

Quentin Skinner on the Proper Meaning of Republican Liberty

This article examines Quentin Skinner's revisionist project of reconciling republican liberty and negative freedom. His conceptualisation is analysed in the contexts of both contemporary political theory as well as a historiographical interpretation of Machiavelli. Skinner advances two claims: first, that Machiavelli's idea of liberty is negative freedom, and second, that republicanism shows that liberty is best maintained by the coercive use of the law. I argue that there are two conflicting concepts of the law underlying Skinner's theory. One regards the law as an invisible hand, while the other takes the law to be a liberating agency. Skinner's influence on the emerging juristic paradigm in republicanism is also considered.     

Civil service policies in Indonesia: An obstacle to decentralization?

Decentralization of a substantial portion of development activity under Indonesia's New Order has been attempted in the context of centralizing civil service reforms. This analysis, based on field observation in two areas distant from the ‘bureaucratic centre’ of Java, South Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara in early 1986, shows some ways in which the structure of the civil service and recent policies governing it have handicapped regional governments in their attempts to develop an apparatus capable of managing decentralization. For example, the structure often leads local officials to prefer rank over technical qualifications in appointments to managerial positions. The analysis also shows how they cope and attempt to maintain their legal prerogatives vis-à-vis the central government. In conclusion policy recommendations are offered that would help to achieve a better balance between the New Order's concerns for centralization and decentralization.     

Determining the time and day of photography

Photographs taken by crime victims and perpetrators are at times important evidence. Their time of photography may also affect their value as such. Three methods of determining when a picture was taken by using the content of the picture are presented. The methods utilize solar direction-measured from shadows in the photograph, identifying flowering wild plants and correlating cloudiness with meteorological observations. Solar direction is the most accurate and involved method and therefore is the main part of this paper. A case using all three methods is described.