财政联邦主义视角下的政府间关系

财政联邦主义是西方学者借鉴政治学中的联邦制概念而创立的一个经济学概念,用于分析财政分权理论。本文从政府间关系角度出发,分析财政联邦主义产生的理论缘起,结合西方学术界关于政府间财政分权的不同模式,揭示财政联邦主义的理论基础和分析框架。以此为依据,分析财政联邦主义视角下的政府间关系构建,为研究市场经济条件下政府间关系寻找新的研究视角。     

The Radical Group in Context: 2. Identification of Critical Elements in the Analysis of Risk for Terrorism by Radical Group Type

In this second of two linked articles describing an integrated framework for the analysis of risk for terrorism of a radical group, a subset of observable indicators for each of the 32 variables within the integrated framework is presented. On the basis of an expert knowledge acquisition process, five types of terrorist groups-- nationalist-separatist, religious fundamentalist, new religions (other religious extremists, including millenarian cults), social revolutionary, and right wing--are compared in order to identify which indicators are of greatest importance for each terrorist group type. Historical, cultural, and contextual features can be assessed effectively through the use of open sources and experts. Group characteristics, processes, and structures were consistently rated as highly important across all five group types. Ratings for new religions differed most consistently from those of other group types.     

From car bombs to logic bombs: The growing threat from information terrorism

The vulnerability of the critical infrastructure has led to increasing concern that it will be the target of terrorist attacks. This article explores definitional aspects of information terrorism and identifies two groups likely to find information terrorism attractive: conventional terrorist groups and information culture groups. As computer sophisticated youth move into the ranks of conventional terrorist groups, the groups will increase their reliance on computer technology, and information terrorism will be incorporated into a hybrid tactical repertoire. Information culture groups, however, confine their attacks to cyberspace. In contrast to the powerful group dynamics of the traditional underground terrorist group, networked groups, particularly information culture terrorists, may only be in contact electronically, and are subject to a radically different group psychology, virtual group dynamics, that significantly affects their decision making and risk taking, and has dangerous security implications.     

国家电子政务统一网络空间:内涵、框架及建构

本文通过对政府部门类型、组织关系、业务流类型进行分类研究,得出政府系统内的业务通道需求,从而从技术上指导虚拟专网建设和业务系统的部署;通过对业务操作中的数据操作行为和业务数据进行分类研究,从逻辑上规定网络平台数据管理中心的设计和管理的内容,从而改变各部门传统的信息资源共享与交换方式。此外,国家电子政务统一网络空间的管理体制机制的建立和完善迫在眉睫。     

政府执法方式变革:建立和完善“官告民”制度

政府监管和法院诉讼都是社会控制的重要方式。放松政府监管不仅意味着给社会更多的自主和公民更多的自由,还意味着以新的社会控制方式替代传统的社会监管方式,意味着强调法院在社会控制中的地位和作用。政府通过诉讼实现执法从而实施对社会的控制,是政府监管与法院诉讼两种社会控制方式的结合,这标志着政府执法方式的一个重要的改革取向。建立和完善"官告民"制度,在"官告民"机制中政府行使的诉权实际上就是政府对违法行为的指控权,这不仅意味着行政 司法的新的法律实施机制的确立,意味着行政法律关系与行政诉讼法律关系的结合,还意味着社会控制方式的重大变革。     

教育信托制度:公立高校管理机制的创新

构建合理有效的公立高校管理机制一直是我国高等教育改革的重点之一。教育信托是公立高校管理方式的一种创新。从性质上看,教育信托属于一种公益信托。教育信托制度有利于避免政府的不当行政干预,保障公立高校的办学自主权;有利于提高公立高校的教育质量和办学效益;有利于防止公立高校国有资产的流失。构建我国的教育信托制度时,可由全国人大教科文卫委员会担任教育信托的管理机构,由教育行政主管部门担任教育信托的监察人,并对公立高校的权利与义务、受教育者的权利等问题加以规定。     

社会创新的方法:从评估切入

加强社会管理和创新是构建和谐社会的应有之义,而评估是推动社会创新的重要动力和手段。本文首先从理论上探讨评估之于社会创新的推动作用,然后在回顾和总结国外社会创新评估实践经验的基础上,对照中国现实,提出我国加强社会创新评估体系建设若干思考和建议。     

Factors related to willingness to help survivors of intimate partner violence

Although researchers have found that survivors of intimate partner violence seek support from a multitude of sources, ranging from professionals to informal support networks, little is known about the extent to which community members reach out to help survivors. This study explored the type of support provided to survivors and various factors that relate to individuals' willingness to help. Survivors were more likely to be helped by women, younger individuals, those who strongly endorsed criminal justice interventions for perpetrators, and those who perceived intimate partner violence as a frequently occurring issue in their communities. Two additional factors were found to relate to an individual's likelihood of assisting others, including witnessing intimate partner violence as a child and prior victimization. Further research is needed in this area to explore helper, survivor, and contextual characteristics that may affect one's likelihood to offer assistance to survivors.     

社区创新社会管理的经验与挑战——以深圳桃源居社区为例

加强和创新社会管理的基础在社区。本文以深圳桃源居社区为例,深入剖析了社区创新社会管理的经验与挑战。桃源居社区通过创新理念,积极培育了社区社会组织;通过构建多元参与的机制,创新了社区社会治理的模式;通过创新社区管理方法,建设了社区骨干人才队伍;通过资源整合模式创新,解决了长期以来社区公共服务供给不足的难题。