The contributions of higher education to ethical behavior in law enforcement

This paper examines the relationship between higher education and ethical practice among law enforcement officers. The spoken and unspoken values of the academic world and their influence on college educated police is explored. The specific values of studying options available to law enforcement practitioners in an academic setting is reviewed, e.g., the role of a policeman acting as a witness at a trial. The areas where college experience can appreciably increase the ethical awareness of policemen is presented.     

What happened to patrol operations in Kansas city? A review of the Kansas city preventive patrol experiment

This paper reviews important aspects of the design, execution, and evaluation of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment. The focus is on the operational behavior of the patrol force during the experiment and not on before-and-after crime statistics. Where appropriate, simple probabilistic models are employed to estimate frequencies of preventive patrols and response times in each of the experimental areas. These models, together with experimental data, demonstrate that (1) typical patrol intensities in Kansas City are not large enough to encompass the range of patrol intensities experienced in other cities, and (2) patrol visibility in the depleted areas (the reactive beats) due to responding calls for service is relatively quite large, perhaps even equalling the pre-experimental levels during high workload periods. Such models also demonstrate that travel distances into the reactive beats should not be markedly increased, as the researchers had expected.Based on models and experimental data, the analysis indicates that the particular experimental design used in Kansas City resulted in a significant continued patrol presence in the depleted areas, with little increase in travel times in those areas. This suggests two policy conclusions: (1) great caution should be used in attempting to induce the general value of a visible patrol presence from the results of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment; (2) patrol administrators in other cities could, on a day-by-day basis if need be, remove conventional patrol coverage from certain beats and markedly increase manning in others nearby without incurring significant degradations in service (either actual or perceived) in the depleted areas. This second possibility facilitates the implementation of crime-directed patrol efforts.     

Ways to Advance China＇s ＂Going Out＂ Policy

China officially adopted its "Going Out" strategy in 2001 when it was included in the Tenth Five-Year plan. Over the past decade, the policy has gone from strength to strength: from its launch, to its prudent execution, and to efforts made to advance it further (as mentioned in its inclusion in the Twelfth Five-Year plan). "Going Out" is an obvious next step for a rapidly rising China during a period of strategic opportunities.     

国债、国债规模及其管理:研究综述

近三十年来,宏观管理国债规模的研究,呈现出行政学和公共经济学交融的新趋势。本研究将重点关注政府宏观管理体制下,国债规模管理与预算赤字、国家税收和政府支出等关键变量的联系。文章梳理了宏观管理国债规模的主要研究进展,并分析了既有研究的内在联系及可能存在的研究空间。研究认为,在目前我国政府行政体制改革全面推进和经济高速发展的大环境下,政府运用好国债工具是保证经济持续稳定增长、促进社会和谐发展的主要经济手段,同时也是政府经济执政能力提高的重要标志。