住房公积金制度对公务员住房消费的支持作用分析

本文提出,住房公积金制度对公务员住房消费具有促进住房消费资金的自我积累、实现住房消费互助、提供实现住房平滑消费的低成本信用工具、供给政策与商业性个人住房消费贷款组合产品、丰富住房分配货币化和住房保障途径等重要作用,并对这些作用的重要性进行了分析,以期为做好公务员的住房公积金管理工作提供理论依据。     

政策过程理论的多维分析——以广州市“禁摩”政策为例

政策过程理论作为一种中层理论或中观理论在整个政策科学中占有重要的地位。本文以广州市的"禁摩"政策为个案,在厘清本土概念、掌握"禁摩"政策具体过程的基础上,是用这三种理论对该省会城市的"禁摩"政策过程进行逐一解读,并分别阐述三种理论的利与弊,并探讨我国政策过程理论的本土化特征与未来发展方向。     

Ethnonational identity,security and the implosion of Yugoslavia: the case of Montenegro and the relationship with Serbia

For 60 years, the international community has limited the right of territories to gain independence without the permission of the “parent state.” Such limits were, however, challenged when Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia, in February 2008. As a result, Belgrade referred the matter to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). On 22 July 2010, it came back with its long-awaited decision. Taking a narrow view of the question, the majority argued that, in general, declarations of independence, as mere statements, do not violate international law unless stated otherwise by the Security Council. Thus, Kosovo's declaration of independence cannot be considered as being wholly “unique” – as those states that supported its statehood have claimed. On the key questions of whether Kosovo's secession is legal, or if it is even a state, they chose to avoid controversy. On these points, the international community is no clearer now than it was before the case.     

Politicisation of the EU Budget: Conflict and the Constraining Dissensus

The current political climate in the European Union, referred to as the ‘constraining dissensus’, may place negotiations on the multiannual EU budget centre stage. Media framing of EU budget negotiations as conflict between member states may reinforce the constraining dissensus by resonating with exclusive national identity. In contrast, media emphasis on conflict within or across member states may alleviate the constraining dissensus by strengthening cross-cutting cleavages. This study tests hypotheses about patterns in politicisation of the EU budget in three budgets (Delors II, Agenda 2000, Financial Perspectives 2007–2013), three countries (the Netherlands, Denmark and Ireland) and two forums (media and national parliaments). It finds predominant international conflict framing, especially in media. Thus, media coverage of EU budget negotiations likely reinforces the constraining dissensus. However, as debates intensify, the constraining dissensus may be loosened through more pluralist framing in the debates. Further comparative empirical research into the dynamics of politicisation is called for.     

The Politics of Local Income Tax in Sweden: Reform and Continuity

Local authorities have played an important role in the Swedish model of the Welfare State. This state is characterised by high levels of welfare provision paid for through general taxation, the rates of which are very high and the application of uniform standards across the entire country based on the principles of equity and fairness. The main form of income for local authorities is a Local Income Tax which is paid by 85% of the population. In the 1980s and 1990s, Sweden went through an economic crisis which resulted in significant changes to the tax system, although the Local Income Tax was retained. Subsequent changes have followed a pendulum process, with deregulation of local government finances in the 1990s being followed by greater regulation in the following years. Today, Sweden is conducting a major debate about the role and functions of different levels of government in the light of social, economic and political changes in the international scene.     

Civil wars,party politics and the consolidation of regimes in twentieth century Europe

The present article explores how winners' and losers' strategies for competition influence the possibility of democratization after civil war. Civil wars have been pivotal events in many states, but there has been little analysis of how they affect democratization. Since most have been won by the political right in twentieth century Europe one expects a correlation between civil war and the imposition of authoritarian solution to political conflicts. However, an analysis of five civil wars shows a wide variety in the patterns of political dominance achieved by the winners, ranging from total clampdown in Spain to the winners relinquishing power, as in Ireland. In between, Finland, Greece and Hungary combined various degrees of open competition with restrictions on the losers. In effect democratization can be as likely an outcome of civil war as regression to authoritarianism. Explaining the variation in outcomes of the five cases is the objective of this article.     

政府绩效管理中的“第三方评估”模式及其完善

第三方评估作为一种必要而有效的外部制衡机制,弥补了传统的政府自我评估的缺陷,在促进服务型政府建设方面发挥了不可替代的促进作用。十余年来,各地创新出高校专家评估模式、专业公司评估模式、社会代表评估模式、民众参与评估模式这四种第三方评估模式。高校专家评估模式和专业公司评估模式中,第三方具备适用理性,独立性、专业性、权威性等特征鲜明,评估结果公正、客观,但普及实施中制约因素多。社会代表评估模式和民众参与评估模式中,第三方虽不能完全具备适用理性,但有党政权力的推动,已经实现广泛的制度化实施。完善各种第三方评估模式,基本思路是提高第三方的专业性和权威性,同时积极创建有利于第三方独立发展的行政和社会环境。     

农民合作行为中的惩罚机制及其实践基础研究

本文引入类型化的视角,对农民合作行为中惩罚机制进行研究与探讨,并考察合作行为中惩罚机制形态、处罚实施主体、惩罚手段以及惩罚机制发生的社会基础。研究发现,在社会关联度较高的村庄之中,村民多群体性地运用软性惩罚的方式对合作行为中的搭便车者进行惩罚;在社会关联度中等的村庄,村庄社区内可能以群体也可能通过单个强互惠者以情、面子来对搭便车者进行惩罚,但由于村庄内规范的约束力降低,其效果往往不及前者;在社会关联度较低的村庄则只能够以个人为单位,或以牺牲自己利益或引入混混来惩罚搭便车者,这种刚性的惩罚方式对合作行为中的搭便车者进行处罚,虽然可能有效,但其惩罚需要支付高昂的成本与代价。     

美国人力资源战略的实施策略及对我国的启示

美国人力资源战略的成功实施使其在世界人才竞争中一直保持竞争优势,这与其选择合理的实施策略是分不开的。本文通过梳理美国国家层面人力资源战略的相关政策和措施,归纳了美国实施人力资源战略的主要策略选择,提出对我国实施人力资源战略实施的一些启示。