全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1298篇 |
免费 | 70篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 110篇 |
工人农民 | 79篇 |
世界政治 | 131篇 |
外交国际关系 | 69篇 |
法律 | 732篇 |
中国政治 | 3篇 |
政治理论 | 241篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 41篇 |
2019年 | 42篇 |
2018年 | 65篇 |
2017年 | 89篇 |
2016年 | 84篇 |
2015年 | 48篇 |
2014年 | 65篇 |
2013年 | 173篇 |
2012年 | 57篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 42篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 45篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 43篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1368条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
311.
312.
Challenging DNA: Assessment of a range of genotyping approaches for highly degraded forensic samples
M. Fondevila N. Naverán M. Cerezo A. Rodríguez R. Calvo L.M. Fernández Á. Carracedo M.V. Lareu 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2008,1(1):26-28
It is common in forensic casework to encounter highly degraded DNA samples from a variety of sources. In this category bone and teeth samples are often the principal source of evidential material for criminal investigations or identification of long-deceased individuals. In these circumstances standard STRs are prone to fail due to their long amplicon sizes (since DNA becomes progressively more fragmented as it degrades). To successfully resolve such cases alternative markers can be used and until recently the only other tool available was mitochondrial DNA, which despite being more resistant to degradation, is much less informative. A rapidly developing approach to analyzing degraded DNA is the typing of loci from short-amplicon PCR products based on markers such as mini-STRs and autosomal SNPs. We have performed an analysis of several cases with naturally degraded DNA using established STRs plus mini-STRs and autosomal SNPs in order to make an objective comparison of the performance of each method using challenging DNA. The main aim was to establish the benefits and drawbacks of each marker set to help the practitioner choose the DNA analysis method most suited to the circumstances of each case. 相似文献
313.
Máté Szabó 《Journal für Rechtspolitik》2010,18(1):12-20
The commissioners of human rights in the Parliament aim at ensuring the protection and formation as well as the development of the culture of human rights with their activities in Hungary and all over the world. What else could be done by the citizens practising their disobedience during the non-violent revolutions in 1989 after Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King and the American Henry David Thoreau? At a first glance, it perhaps seems to be strange to put the following question: what is the connecting link between the role of political law of a public state and the citizens breaking the rules in order to protect the constitutional rights? What will be the result of this comparison? I think, the result is that we can recognize the role of both functions more thoroughly in operating the constitutional state suitably in order to protect the culture of constitutional rights (reactive role) and to develop them (proactive role). 相似文献
314.
András Sajó 《Acta Juridica Hungarica》2001,42(3-4):149-157
The principles of constitutional law as those of many other disciplines seem to develop and to be replaced by new paradigms in the light of globalization. The present article using the genre of constitutional futurology attempts to determine whether this change is real or an illusory impression, and to predict the future of constitutional law and of scholarship reflecting on constitutional issues. A mighty forecast emerges from the interplay of opposing forces. While the withering away of the constitutionalist paradigm is unlikely partly because of the lack of a new generation of legal scholars following new patterns of thinking, partly because there is no reason to assume that the prevalent socioeconomic order would cease to exist , the essay maps a number of possible challenges like genetic engineering or personal computers interconnected in the World Wide Web , which constitutionalists shall expect to face in theory and in practice alike. 相似文献
315.
Pablo Salvador-Coderch Nuno Garoupa Carlos Gómez-Ligüerre 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2009,28(3):257-287
The duty-of-care requirement cannot be used anymore as the touchstone to differentiate negligence from strict liability because
it can be found in many forms of the latter. Duty of care is smuggled into strict liability hidden under the scope of liability
requirement (traditionally called “proximate causation”). As far as the scope of liability requirement is common to negligence
and to many forms of strict liability, there is a fairly large common ground to both liability rules, and consequently the
marginal Hand formula is applied to both rules. Indeed, under a negligence rule, the marginal Hand formula is applied twice:
first to assess whether or not the defendant did breach his or her duty of care, and, second, to delimit whether or not the
defendant’s behavior was a proximate cause of the harm suffered by the victim. However, under a strict liability rule, the
Hand formula is applied only once when the proximate causation question is raised. Traditional law and economics analysis
has almost always taken the normative question raised by the causation requirement as given, which is a potential major problem
due to the importance of scope of liability or proximate causation in legal practice. Defining the scope of liability, that
is to say, the boundaries of the pool of potential defendants, is the basic legal policy decision for each and every liability
rule. In the normative model presented in this paper, the government first chooses efficient scope of liability, and given
the scope of liability, the government then decides the liability rule and damages that guarantee efficient precaution. In
the article, most known scope of liability rationales developed by both common law and civil law systems are discussed in
order to show the substantial common ground between negligence and strict liability. 相似文献
316.
317.
318.
Frigi S Pereira F Pereira L Yacoubi B Gusmão L Alves C Khodjet el Khil H Cherni L Amorim A El Gaaied A 《Forensic science international》2006,160(1):80-83
The 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) included in the AmpFLSTR Yfiler PCR Amplification Kit (AB Applied Biosystems) (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and GATA H4) were typed in two Berber communities, a small village (Takrouna) and a town (Sejenane), from North Tunisia. As expected, diversity was higher in the town, even when compared with a pool of three small Berber communities, probably due to the combination of different founder effects and genetic drifts operating in the small villages. 相似文献
319.
Miguel Ruiz-Canela López 《Revista de derecho y genoma humano》2006,(25):199-204
The European Congress on biopolitics entitled "Connecting civil society implementing basic values" was held in March 2006 in Berlin. It was organised by the Heinrich B?ll foundation and the Institut Mensch, Ethik und Wissenschaft. The aim of the Congress was to provide a forum for discussion on the ethical and social aspects derived from biotechnology and genetics on human beings. This work summarises some of the aspects that reveal the international interest and relevance of this meeting. 相似文献
320.
Analysis of artificially degraded DNA using STRs and SNPs--results of a collaborative European (EDNAP) exercise 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Dixon LA Dobbins AE Pulker HK Butler JM Vallone PM Coble MD Parson W Berger B Grubwieser P Mogensen HS Morling N Nielsen K Sanchez JJ Petkovski E Carracedo A Sanchez-Diz P Ramos-Luis E Briōn M Irwin JA Just RS Loreille O Parsons TJ Syndercombe-Court D Schmitter H Stradmann-Bellinghausen B Bender K Gill P 《Forensic science international》2006,164(1):33-44
Recently, there has been much debate about what kinds of genetic markers should be implemented as new core loci that constitute national DNA databases. The choices lie between conventional STRs, ranging in size from 100 to 450 bp; mini-STRs, with amplicon sizes less than 200 bp; and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). There is general agreement by the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP) and the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) that the reason to implement new markers is to increase the chance of amplifying highly degraded DNA rather than to increase the discriminating power of the current techniques. A collaborative study between nine European and US laboratories was organised under the auspices of EDNAP. Each laboratory was supplied with a SNP multiplex kit (Foren-SNPs) provided by the Forensic Science Service, two mini-STR kits provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and a set of degraded DNA stains (blood and saliva). Laboratories tested all three multiplex kits, along with their own existing DNA profiling technique, on the same sets of degraded samples. Results were collated and analysed and, in general, mini-STR systems were shown to be the most effective. Accordingly, the EDNAP and ENFSI working groups have recommended that existing STR loci are reengineered to provide smaller amplicons, and the adoption of three new European core loci has been agreed. 相似文献