防卫意图是正当防卫理论的短板

正当防卫理论中的防卫意图,对于认定防卫人的行为是否成立正当防卫以及认定防卫过当行为的性质具有重要意义。然而,防卫意图这个主观要件已经成为正当防卫理论中的薄弱环节,司法实践也长期忽视防卫意图的评价功能。防卫意图不要说具有重大缺陷,在认定行为人的行为是否成立正当防卫时,仍应将防卫意图作为必不可少的构成要件。应将防卫意图理解为对意志因素的表达,即指行为人主观上制止不法侵害的愿望或追求。当防卫人制止不法侵害的行为明显超过必要限度时,若防卫人对此有明确认识,则不成立防卫过当,应以故意犯罪认定;反之,成立防卫过当。正当防卫意图的本质决定了防卫过当的行为属性是过失犯罪而非故意犯罪。     

现场遗留手印的分析与判断

随着新刑事诉讼法修改案的实行,法律赋予了犯罪嫌疑人更多人权的同时,给公、检、法机关的工作提出了更高的要求,并就证据的形式,证据的获取途径以及证据链等关于证据的法律效力方面做出了严格的规定和要求。随着社会的发展,各种形形色色的案件层出不穷,而真正留在现场的完整指印将少之又少,如何对现场手印进行分析和判断为侦查提供重要线索,文章结合实践总结出对现场手印分析的工作步骤和方法,以便锁定犯罪嫌疑人成为法庭审判予以采信的重要物证同时也能成为犯罪情报资料的重要来源。手印作为七种证据之一,在今后的打击犯罪和参与刑事诉讼方面仍将发挥重要作用,因此研究手印仍具有实战指导意义。     

“抢劫致人死亡”研究

"抢劫致人死亡",是抢劫罪法定刑升格条件之一,由于涉及到行为人的生命健康安全,司法机关不得不慎重认定"致人死亡"的结果是否可归咎于行为人实施的抢劫行为。要解决好抢劫致人死亡行为具体认定,必须要先解决好行为人对死亡结果的罪过形式、抢劫行为与死亡结果之间的因果关系和致人死亡中"人"的范围。只有做到这样,才能具体认定"抢劫致人死亡"情形。     

试论刑法司法解释的发展趋势简

刑法只有经过解释,才能适用于司法实践活动中.具有我国特色的刑法司法解释作为刑法解释中的一种,从其诞生起一直备受争议.现行刑法明确规定罪刑法定原则,刑法司法解释存在就缺乏法律依据,违背罪刑法定原则的精神,更违背罪刑法定原则的出罪功能,其应该退出司法实践活动,取而代之的应为司法刑法解释.     

Immunohistochemical investigation of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A in fatal poisoning

To evaluate the immunohistochemical distribution of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) in fatal poisoning in relation to the effects of drugs and poisons on respiratory function, 42 forensic autopsy cases were examined by scoring the staining intensity. The highest scores of SP-A staining, with dense granular deposits (aggregates) in the intra-alveolar space, were observed in fatalities from pancuronium bromide (muscle relaxant) injection and petroleum (butane) gas inhalation. Poisoning with organophosphate pesticides and arsenic (ingestion) showed a second grade SP-A score. However, The SP-A scores were relatively low in ethanol and sedative-hypnotic intoxication. Carbon monoxide intoxication showed a varied degree of SP-A score, and the aggregated SP-A score tended to be higher in cases of lower blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration. A varied SP-A score was also observed in methamphetamine fatalities, in which the score was relatively low in cases with a higher serum drug level. Increase of SP-A was not always associated with the intra-alveolar effusion or hemorrhages. The above-described observations suggested that the immunohistochemical score of SP-A may be a possible indication for intensity and duration of drug/poison-dependent respiratory distress.     

Longitudinal brainstem laceration associated with complex basilar skull fractures due to a fall: an autopsy case

This report describes an autopsy case of a rare longitudinal brainstem laceration associated with complex basilar skull fractures. The victim was a 40-year-old male who died immediately after falling from a roof (9.2m in height) of a factory onto a concrete floor. The postmortem examination revealed an incomplete ring fracture of the base of the skull with longitudinal fractures of the sphenoid (clivus of the dorsum sellae turcicae) and occipital bones, cerebral contusions in the frontal and temporal poles, a longitudinal brainstem laceration at the posterior median sulcus of the pons accompanied with multiple contusional hemorrhages in the brainstem and corpus callosum. Related blunt-force injuries were observed in the parieto-occipital region of the head, shoulder and upper back involving the fractures of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae, and sternum and ribs, indicating a huge impact to the occiput and subsequent impression of the vertebral column into the base of the skull due to violent anteroflexion of the neck, which caused the complex basilar skull fractures, contusions and longitudinal laceration of the brainstem.     

农民工社会保障权的实现

如何实现农民工的社会保障权是我国一个重要的现实问题.本文以农民工群体的特征和社会保障权的基本现状为基础,分析了农民工社会保障权实现的重要意义和存在的主要障碍,指出了农民工社会保障权实现的途径和措施.     

传统国际私法连接点在互联网环境中所面临的挑战及其应对方略

互联网的全球性、跨国性和虚拟性的特性给传统国际私法连接点造成了冲击与影响,使传统的属地性连接点和属人性连接点在解决涉网民商事案件时陷入了困境.尽管如此,这并不意味着传统的连接点在网络空间不再予以适用:主观性连接点在互联网环境下一定程度上仍可以适用;属人性连接点在互联网环境下则意义不大;属地性连接点则应顺应互联网发展的特性加以"改良",对其进行重新界定并赋予它们在网络空间中新的生命力,增加网址作为网络环境下新的属地性连接点具有重要的现实意义.     

有关WTO规则在我国适用的若干法律问题

我国加入世界贸易组织已有数年。但WTO规则究竟应怎样在我国国内予以适用与实施的问题,至今为止,理论界尚无定谳,立法上更无统一、明确的规定,最近通过的宪法修正案亦未提及。不过,在这一问题上,该组织其他成员方在立法与实践中的诸多做法,将无疑为我国立法机关和司法部门提供有益的参考与借鉴。