全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25692篇 |
免费 | 685篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 1049篇 |
工人农民 | 979篇 |
世界政治 | 2034篇 |
外交国际关系 | 849篇 |
法律 | 15490篇 |
中国共产党 | 2篇 |
中国政治 | 134篇 |
政治理论 | 5589篇 |
综合类 | 251篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 291篇 |
2019年 | 380篇 |
2018年 | 480篇 |
2017年 | 578篇 |
2016年 | 596篇 |
2015年 | 430篇 |
2014年 | 492篇 |
2013年 | 2495篇 |
2012年 | 573篇 |
2011年 | 651篇 |
2010年 | 522篇 |
2009年 | 603篇 |
2008年 | 655篇 |
2007年 | 683篇 |
2006年 | 652篇 |
2005年 | 590篇 |
2004年 | 593篇 |
2003年 | 617篇 |
2002年 | 580篇 |
2001年 | 996篇 |
2000年 | 886篇 |
1999年 | 727篇 |
1998年 | 422篇 |
1997年 | 347篇 |
1996年 | 321篇 |
1995年 | 318篇 |
1994年 | 350篇 |
1993年 | 324篇 |
1992年 | 510篇 |
1991年 | 559篇 |
1990年 | 515篇 |
1989年 | 534篇 |
1988年 | 500篇 |
1987年 | 508篇 |
1986年 | 551篇 |
1985年 | 532篇 |
1984年 | 470篇 |
1983年 | 491篇 |
1982年 | 370篇 |
1981年 | 332篇 |
1980年 | 276篇 |
1979年 | 365篇 |
1978年 | 222篇 |
1977年 | 230篇 |
1976年 | 206篇 |
1975年 | 180篇 |
1974年 | 206篇 |
1973年 | 191篇 |
1972年 | 169篇 |
1971年 | 154篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
981.
Klaus-Gert Lutterbeck Armin Schäfer Andreas Heyer Christian Kaiser Helga Haftendorn Sandra Seubert Christian Bala Ralf J. Leiteritz Frank Dietrich Christian Brütt Christian Reisinger Alexander Warkotsch Mandana Biegi Burkhard Conrad Christian Stecker 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2009,50(2):327-363
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
982.
We provide a formal model illustrating the mutual relationship between corruption and capital account restrictions. Corrupt countries are more likely to impose capital controls because corruption reduces a government’s ability to collect tax revenue. If controls exist, however, individuals try to mitigate the burden by offering bribes, thereby increasing corruption. We test the model using panel data for 80 countries over the period 1984–2002 and find that corruption and restrictions indeed affect each other. Government’s attempts to increase revenue via controls on capital might thus invoke a restrictions-rent-seeking spiral with destructively high levels of both. Using capital controls to increase revenue should be reconsidered. 相似文献
983.
984.
A positive, statistical and economic significant relation between growth, income level and the Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index has been amply documented. Most analyses, however, use OLS methods which, in the presence of endogenous variables do not establish causality and produce biased and inconsistent estimates. This paper uncovers the exogenous component of EFW using IV methods and finds a robust channel from economic freedom to prosperity. The findings, including instrument validity tests, support the importance of policies and institutions for development and warrants policy advice aimed at increasing economic freedom to foster prosperity. 相似文献
985.
The riskiness of state employee pension plan portfolios varies across states. We investigate whether this variation is related to how public employees and taxpayers share actuarial surpluses of pension accounts. We focus on two determinants of a plan’s asset mix: the relative influence of public employees to taxpayers; and whether a surplus-sharing contract is specified. Our theoretical model demonstrates that the effect of public employee influence on the asset mix is ambiguous. Our empirical results corroborate this complex theoretical result. In our theoretical and empirical analyses, if a surplus sharing rule is specified, plans adopt a more aggressive investment allocation. 相似文献
986.
Michael J. Ensley 《Public Choice》2009,138(1-2):221-238
Individual citizens are the largest source of contributions for congressional candidates in the United States. This paper investigates if and how fundraising from this source is related to the ideological positions of candidates. Specifically, we ask whether the amount of contributions depends on: (1) the extremity of candidate ideology; and (2) the level of candidate divergence in the same race. These results have important implications for candidate positioning strategies, as well as for evaluating the effects of recent campaign finance reforms. 相似文献
987.
In this paper, we examine whether the impact of negative advertising on citizens’ evaluations of candidates depends on the
gender of the candidates. Given common gender stereotypes, we expect negative campaigning aimed at women candidates will affect
citizens differently than negative campaigning against male candidates. The results of our study, derived from a survey experiment
conducted on a nationwide sample of more than 700 citizens, demonstrate that negative commercials are less effective at depressing
evaluations of woman candidates, compared to male candidates. The findings are consistent and strong, across a range of forces
that people use to assess competing candidates (i.e., affect and trait evaluations, people’s beliefs about issues, anticipated
vote choice). The tight control of the experimental design, including randomization of respondents into different conditions
that vary in only one way, demonstrates that the gender of the candidate influences people’s reactions to different types
of negative commercials.
相似文献
Patrick J. KenneyEmail: |
988.
From 9/11 in the U.S. to train, subway, and airport bombings elsewhere, individuals frequently must make political decisions
in the shadow of terrorist attacks. To date, few studies have examined how times of terror threat influence voters’ decision-making
processes. Using data generated from three experiments we show that, in times of terrorist threat (compared to good times),
individuals weight leadership more heavily in the voting booth. Our results also shed light on how much weight is given to
other determinants of the vote (issues and partisanship) across these two conditions. 相似文献
989.
990.
In this study, we consider the efficacy of a relatively new and widely accepted certification system for teachers established by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS). We utilize an extensive database covering the universe of teachers and students in Florida for a four‐year span to determine the relationship between NBPTS certification and the impact of teachers on student test scores from both low‐stakes and high‐stakes exams. Contrary to some previous studies, we find evidence that NBPTS certification provides a positive signal of a teacher's contribution to student achievement only in a few isolated cases. However, our results do reinforce evidence from previous research that the process of becoming NBPTS certified does not increase teacher productivity. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献