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131.
C. Haedrich C. Ortmann O.R. Hofmann J. Seilwinder A. Klein 《Forensic Science International Supplement Series》2006,160(2-3):173-177
In a case of suicidal application of electricity differences between the rectal temperature of the body and the suspected time of death were observed.In order to answer the question whether an electric current from hand to hand over >30 min led to a rise in body temperature FEM-based computer simulations and animal experiments were carried out. Both resulted in a warming of the soft parts in the arm without warming the body core. Thus a temperature-based estimation of the time since death can also be used in cases with electricity as the cause of death. Besides, in the animal experiment we found a spontaneous rise in the body core temperature even without application of electricity which may be a reason for the typical temperature plateau after death. 相似文献
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Silvina J. Vilas-Ghiso Diana M. Liverman 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2007,7(2):137-169
More than a decade after NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) entered into force, the environmental effects of agricultural
trade liberalization in Mexico are still controversial, emerging, and not fully understood. This paper contributes to the
literature that aims to explore trends in input use in the agricultural sector in Mexico during the post-NAFTA period among
both commercial/industrial and traditional/rainfed farmers, and examines the influence of the national and multilateral institutional
framework on these outcomes. We decompose the post-NAFTA agricultural production data into scale, technique and composition
effects to estimate the impact that trade liberalization has had on the use of fertilizer and land use, two key agricultural
inputs for which reliable aggregate data is available. We conclude that among commercial farmers patterns of crop type specialization
and significant technological improvements have led to some declines in fertilizer use but they have been offset by growth
in fertilizer use associated with growing agricultural output. Among traditional farmers increased output and specialization
in land-intensive grain crops are contributing to an increase in land under cultivation and technological improvements show
the potential, but not yet not the strength, to counteract these effects. We analyse the environmental institutional framework
and rural development plans, observing that institutional weaknesses have, in several instances, reduced the environmental
benefit of technique and composition effects. We conclude with recommendations about how the Mexican agricultural sector might
reap the environmental benefits of international agricultural trade. 相似文献
137.
国内外法律实践无可辩驳地证实,任何国家的制定法只有通彻人性,饱含人文关怀,才能够赢得民众的支持,才能真正发挥调整功能。毫不夸张地说,法律的人性化构成了法律的价值基础。而我国古代法律中的"亲亲相隐"制度恰恰抓住了人所具有的悲悯之情。自古至今,它所展现的人性魅力,使法律理性和天然人性实现了有机统一。我们之所以今天依然要推崇"亲亲相隐"制度,就是因为它将为修正我国刑事法律的人性匮乏提供实证支撑。 相似文献
138.
常安 《甘肃政法学院学报》2006,(2):44-49
在理论法学研究中,法律文化概念虽相当常用,但并无一大致公认的涵义,这也影响到了概念自身的合法性问题。本文从对千叶正士之法律文化概念构建模式的评析出发,去探求“一个精确明了并为大多数人所接受”的法律文化概念的难求(千叶之结)原因所在;并通过对哈特构建法律概念的认识论背景的分析,指出法律文化概念的构建应该是开放结构和复数意义上的,法史学、法人类学、法社会学等不同法学分支学科的法律文化概念构建模式均各有其理论价值和现实意蕴。 相似文献
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The end of the twentieth century was marked by a sea change in global governance in the realm of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Whereas countries historically retained substantial autonomy with regard to what they defined as intellectual "property" and the rights granted to the owners of intellectual property, the 1990s witnessed the establishment of new global obligations regarding national practices. This paper focuses on the case of software "piracy" to assess the mechanisms by which the new global obligations for the treatment of IPRs are transmitted from the international to the national levels. We first consider a set of national-level factors that many scholars have shown to be important determinants of IPR policy. We then supplement the standard emphasis on domestic factors with an analysis of new transnational factors: countries' multilateral obligations under the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and bilateral pressures from the United States to increase the protection of IPRs. Population-averaged panel data models are used to assess the effects of these national and transnational determinants on levels of software piracy in 80 countries from 1994 to 2002. Our results indicate that membership in the WTO and bilateral pressures from the United States—particularly pressures that offer reciprocal concessions—lead to substantial increases in levels of protection in rich and poor countries. There is, in short, a new international political economy of intellectual property. 相似文献