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151.
152.
Recent federal court decisions appear to limit the ability of cities to mitigate the ambient crime risks associated with adult entertainment businesses. In one instance, a court has assumed that criminological theories do not apply to "off-site" adult businesses. After developing the legal doctrine of secondary effects, we demonstrate that the prevailing criminological theory applies to all adult business models. To corroborate the theory, we report the results of a before/after quasi-experiment for an off-site adult business. When an off-site adult business opens, ambient crime risk doubles compared to a control area. As theory predicts, moreover, ambient victimization risk is most acute in night-time hours. The theoretical development and empirical results have obvious implications for the evolving legal doctrine of secondary effects. 相似文献
153.
Trends and year-to-year deviations in UCR and NCS data on burglary and robbery are examined for the period 1973 to 1985. We find strong correspondence between year-to-year deviations in UCR crime rates and NCS victimization rates for both crime types. The difference between the two data series lies primarily in their contrasting trends, although there is some evidence that trends in UCR and NCS crime rates have been converging in recent years. Ex post forecasts reveal that the UCR/NCS relationships estimated from the 1973–1985 data continued through 1986 and 1987. Although the UCR rates in 1986 were somewhat influenced by unusual increases in the proportion of crimes reported to the police that year, changes in crime reporting for the period as a whole have had little effect on UCR burglary and robbery rates. We conclude that, within the two serious crime types examined in this study, there is strong consistency between the alternative data sources on variations in crime rates over time. 相似文献
154.
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156.
We use data from the National Crime Survey (NCS) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to explore changes in the likelihood of police notification in rape incidents. The findings indicate that during the 1970s and 1980s there was a significant increase in police notification by third parties and by victims raped by non‐strangers. During the 1990s the increase in rates of police notification in rape incidents accelerated and broadened in scope. In addition, differences in police notification between stranger and non‐stranger incidents diminished during the 1970s and 1980s and, by the early 1990s there was no significant difference. 相似文献
157.
The research reported here is based on a comparison of active residential burglars and a matched control group regarding their willingness to commit a burglary at varying levels of certainty of arrest, severity of penalty, and anticipated reward. Initial analyses revealed that few controls were willing to offend regardless of risk, penalty, or reward and that offenders were not influenced by penalty on its own. Consequently, responses of the offenders only were further analyzed in relation to the impact of risk, penalty, and reward. The results of a logit analysis indicated that both risk of being caught and prospect of increased gain had a significant influence on the offenders' decision making. 相似文献
158.
RICHARD MULLINS 《今日中国(英文版)》2005,54(9):44-45
A favorite summer activity for Chinese students is the internship - but is it worth the trouble?GLOBULES of sweat splash off the desk as the invigilators gather up the last of the exam pa- pers. Somewherein the distance a shrill bell sounds, and a stampede of students charges down the steps and out the college gates for a two month break from the books. Many full-time employees today recall such a scenario with the fondest of memories - school's out for the summer. Two long months to slouc… 相似文献
159.
RICHARD MULLINS 《今日中国(英文版)》2006,55(2):40-41
ONCE the realm of therattling boneshaker.China's city streets havebeen taken over by theprivately owned auto.The resultant roadway chaos mightgest that drivers' licenses are non-exis-tent in China, but they are, and they'renot easy to obtain. As every new shixisiji (rookie driver) can attest, 58 hoursof lessons and a much stricter test areneeded these days before the Car Warscan begin.Just as they're behind most of thesocial changes going on in China, fat-ter paychecks are also responsible … 相似文献
160.
DAVID J. HICKSON RICHARD J. BUTLER DAVID CRAY GEOFFREY R. MALLORY DAVID C. WILSON 《Public administration》1989,67(4):373-390
Strategic decisions shape the course taken by an organization, whether it be in the public sector or the private sector. An analysis is reported of 150 cases of the making of such decisions in both publicly and privately owned organizations. Three types of decision-making process are identified, sporadic, fluid , and constricted. Differences due to the nature of the subject matter under decision, and to the nature of the organization, are examined. Differences in the propensity to sporadic decision-making processes in the administration of publicly owned organizations are described. 相似文献