1923年-1924年广州关余事件中的民众运动

发生于1923年-1924年的广州关余事件,由最初孙中山领导的广州政府单方面交涉,到后来孙中山在中共协助下,借助民众力量,迫使列强作出让步.在整个交涉过程中,民众介入所起的作用,是不应忽视的,但以往人们多着重于政府问的交涉过程,对民众的作用较为忽略,本文拟对此再略作探讨.     

Occurrence of Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Pesticides in M. scabra and M. tuberculata Species in Tighra Reservoir,Gwalior, India

The concentrations of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were determined in surface sediments and freshwater molluscs (Melanoides scabra and Melanoides tuberculata) from Tighra Reservoir in Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh). This reservoir is important not only for agricultural and drinking purposes, but is also located in close proximity to Great Indian Bustard sanctuary. The different types of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were found in sediments and in the soft tissues of M. scabra and M. tuberculata. The concentration of different organochlorine and organophosphorus compounds were higher during winter seasons in sediments. On an average, M. scabra accumulated more organochlorine and organophosphorus compounds compared to M. tuberculata. Out of targeted 21 pesticides, 14 were found in the species selected for the present investigation.     

Status of Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Pesticides in Wetlands and Its Impact on Aquatic Organisms

In recognition of the potential risks that certain chemicals pose to aquatic ecosystems and human health as well as the lack of information regarding the levels of such compounds, the present study analyzed the status of different organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in wetland ecosystems of the world. With the goal of helping to achieve sustainability in wetland ecosystems, this study attempts to provide data on pesticide usage and presence in water, sediments and organisms, along with the awareness within affected farming communities.     

High performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides

A method has been developed for the rapid quantitative analysis of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides using HPLC. Good separation was obtained among the four major groups of organophosphorus pesticides [i.e. aryl phosphorothionate (methyl parathion), alkyl phosphorothionate (malathion), enolphosphate (phosphomidon, monocrotophos, dichlorvos), heterocyclic phosphorothionates (quinalphos)] and carbamates [viz. Carbaryl (Sevin) and Baygon (Dalf)] with a detection limit of 100 ng for all the pesticides. Separation was measured in terms of capacity factor (k') resolution (R) and selectivity factor (alpha ii). The method described can be used for the analysis of biological samples for the presence of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in the cases of poisoning. Recovery studies were made in the blood, lung and liver and found to be 85-97% with reproducibility at greater than 95%.     

Patterned injury and its evidentiary value

A rape-homicide victim was stomped by her assailant leaving a unique patterned injury on her scalp. Two methods were used to subsequently match the patterned injury on her scalp to the pattern on the shoe of the assailant that was found at the crime scene.     

论布劳的社会交换理论——兼与霍曼斯比较

布劳是继霍曼斯之后社会交换理论的又一重要代表,但是其理论和霍曼斯的交换理论又有差异,本文简要梳理了布劳社会交换理论的主要观点,通过与霍曼斯社会交换理论的对比,指出了布劳交换理论的贡献和不足.     

行政诉讼举证责任研究

诉讼证据作为证明案件真实情况的材料,不可能自动呈现在人民法院面前,行政诉讼证据应由谁提出,是举证责任的主要问题;然而在不同的历史时期,不同国家的诉讼制度中,对举证责任的承担有不同的规定。     

Assessment of the Role Played by N‐propanol Found in Postmortem Blood in the Discrimination Between Antemortem Consumption and Postmortem Formation of Ethanol Using Rats

This study disproves the reliability of n‐propanol as a biomarker to establish whether the ethanol found in postmortem blood is derived from antemortem ingestion or postmortem putrefactive processes. Two groups of rats were given ethanol or normal saline solution, respectively, and sacrificed 1.5 h later. After putrefaction, blood and, in a few cases, urine samples from the rats were analyzed for ethanol and n‐propanol by head‐space gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detection. Although the concentration ratios of ethanol/n‐propanol in the postmortem blood collected from the bodies without prior alcohol consumption were expected to be <20 (as per limited case reports and previous in vitro studies), in samples from several rats that were on saline solution, this ratio was found to exceed 20. In conclusion, the concentration ratio of ethanol/n‐propanol in postmortem blood does not allow for the discernment between antemortem ingestion and the postmortem synthesis of ethanol.     

Juvenile delinquency and the juvenile justice system: U.S. and India

The paper deals with comparative issues in the definition, nature, and extent of juvenile delinquency, juvenile law, juvenile justice with special reference to India and the United States. Through an analysis of comparative data on patterns of delinquency differentials on the variables of sex, age, social class, and type of offense, the paper identifies the similarities between the two countries. The paper notes one exception regarding patterns of delinquency that indicate a relatively negligible involvement of the Indian juveniles in the crime of rape due to the cultural and socialization differences. The paper discusses the provisions under the Children Act of 1960 in India and points that both in philosophy and practice, the parens patriae doctrine in juvenile justice fares better in the Indian context. Unlike in the U.S., juveniles in India do not have certain Constitutional due process rights, such as the right to an attorney, yet the children courts in India serve as criminal courts and the Indian act provides for greater procedural safeguards. The paper also suggests that the disposition of juvenile cases in India results in lesser hard-core institutional commitment than in the U.S. and that the maximum period of punishment does not exceed the limits provided for the offense as stipulated by the Indian act.     

Homicidal electrocution disguised as an accidental death

Deaths due to electrocution are mostly accidental. Homicide by electrocution is rarely reported in the literature. However, the location and pattern of the electrocution wound can raise concern for a possible homicidal manner of death. We are reporting an unusual case wherein the dead body of a middle-aged man was found lying in a suspicious condition on the roadside of desolated area. There were circumferential, grooved electrocution lesions over the left and right second toes with oval electrocution lesions on the medial aspects of both the left and right third toes. There were split lacerations over the right high parietal region, right pinna, and forehead. There was avulsion of the nail of the left thumb. Pressure abrasion was consistent with a ligature mark on the lower part of the left leg. The locations and pattern of these injuries raised the possibility of torture infliction. Death was attributed to electrocution, which was confirmed by histopathology. Autopsy findings and possible inferences were furnished to the police. This case highlights the careful observation of different characterizations and locations of the wounds and deducing inferences about the possible manner of death. This information can be useful to investigating agencies.