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131.
We previously wrote critically on the UK's welfare computerization programme of the 1980s and in this article we investigate the latest programme. Our argument is that welfare is being seen and is being understood in a technological context rather than a truly welfare one— that is, that the technology behind the computerization projects model views of how welfare recipients should be processed. In the 1980s, the computer model that was being applied was one of data processing (i.e. the 'business model'). In the 2000s, it is the model of computer-based communication (i.e. the 'Internet model'). But further, the new technological communication model is being effused with an ethical aspect— that those who do not communicate are lacking in socio-ethical responsibility to society, and are deemed not to be truly living up to their role as citizens. 相似文献
132.
In the UK and USA ‘Hate crime’ has become a topic of public controversy and social mobilization around issues of violence
and harassment. This has largely but not exclusively addressed racism, homophobia and gender based violence. This article
has three objectives. First, to situate hate crime legislation within a broad theory of modernity;secondly to examine the
politics of its emergence as a public issue; thirdly to use data from the authors' recent research in Greater Manchester to
illuminate the complexity of the concept of ‘hate crime’. The centrality of ‘hate crime’ to current debates derives from the
importance of rights-based regulation of complex societies and the juridical management of emotional life. Hatred and violence
have become problematic behaviour thrown into relief by a long term civilizing process. Hate crimes have thus acquired powerful
rhetorical focus for mobilization of victim and identity politics. With reference to racist violence in Oldham and elsewhere
in Greater Manchester, we argue that in its application and construction, however, ‘hate crime’ is a complex phenomenon that
might dramatize rather than regulate the problems it seeks to address.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
133.
We examine the puzzling phenomenon that authoritarian governments are perceived to be more responsive than democratic governments. By comparing China and Taiwan by both large-N statistical analyses and in-depth case studies, we show that the answer lies in the differences between democratic and authoritarian institutions. First, failing to elect one’s preferred candidate in democracies predisposes voters to critical assessment of government responsiveness. There is no such predisposition in authoritarian countries where elections are nonexistent or nominal. Second, elections incentivize democratic leaders to over-respond to certain groups. There is no such mechanism in authoritarian countries. Third, the solid and clear legitimacy established by electoral victories shield democratic leaders from particularistic demands made through unconventional channels. Without such legitimacy, authoritarian leaders are compelled to cement legitimacy by increasing responsiveness. 相似文献
134.
Penny L. Watson 《Democracy and Security》2017,13(2):127-143
Iran has expanded its trade relations with Latin America since 2005. Many argue that the reasons for such activities are for financial gain and to bypass the sanctions. This article argues that economic gain are miniscule and that the primary objectives of Iran are two-fold: first, to assist its nuclear program; and second, to develop deterrence against the U.S. possible military option against Iran. 相似文献
135.
Shakhawan K. Mawlood M.S. Majid Alrowaithi Ph.D. Nigel Watson Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(3):686-689
This study compares two novel swabs (forensiX) with a standard cotton swab (EUROTUBE) for the collection of saliva stains on glass slide for STR analysis. ForensiX collection tubes are a standard cotton swab in an “active drying” tube, where swab sample is soon dried by its innovative tube surface of the wall. The other is forensiX Nylon Flocked Swab. The study is two phases: The first “phase” assesses swab types regarding to retrieve ability of saliva. The second “phase” compares the drying ability of each swab to assess how crime samples would fare when left in storage. The main result showed that “active drying” is effective to store swabbed sample. The forensiX swabs generally are effective for higher (twofold to fourfold) DNA yield compared to delta lab swab (around 750 pg and 250 pg from 0.5 μL of saliva), respectively. These findings demonstrate the importance of drying performance in the preservation of DNA and swab selection. 相似文献
136.
Helping to sort the liars from the truth‐tellers: The gradual revelation of information during investigative interviews
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Coral J. Dando Ray Bull Thomas C. Ormerod Alexandra L. Sandham 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2015,20(1):114-128
Research examining detection of verbal deception reveals that lay observers generally perform at chance. Yet, in the criminal justice system, laypersons that have not undergone specialist investigative training are frequently called upon to make veracity judgements (e.g., solicitors; magistrates; juries). We sought to improve performance by manipulating the timing of information revelation during investigative interviews. A total of 151 participants played an interactive computer game as either a truth‐teller or a deceiver, and were interviewed afterwards. Game information known to the interviewer was revealed either early, at the end of the interview, or gradually throughout. Subsequently, 30 laypersons individually viewed a random selection of interviews (five deceivers and five truth‐tellers from each condition), and made veracity and confidence judgements. Veracity judgements were most accurate in the gradual condition, p < .001, η2 = .97 (above chance), and observers were more confident in those judgements, p < .001, η2 = .99. Deceptive interviewees reported the gradual interviews to be the most cognitively demanding, p < .001; η2 = .24. Our findings suggest that the detection of verbal deception by non‐expert observers can be enhanced by employing interview techniques that maximize deceivers' cognitive load, while allowing truth‐tellers the opportunity to respond to evidence incrementally. 相似文献
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