Anticipatory refusals and the action of 'wrongful living'

After years of debate, opinion among bioethicists and medical lawyers seems to have accepted that anticipatory refusals of medical treatment can, and furthermore should, be accorded the same legal status as contemporaneous refusals. But what would be the legal repercussions for a medic who treated an incompetent patient in contravention of such a directive? What remedies would be available to the claimant whose life had been extended contrary to his express wishes? This issue has never been explicitly addressed by the UK courts, but this paper looks at some of the conclusions and inferences we can perhaps draw from other, possible analogous areas of law. It also considers several North American cases that have addressed this issue, and asks what lessons we can learn therefrom.     

同一个体发毛角蛋白电泳谱型的分析

用SDS -PAGGE对收集到的 2 0例人体表毛发 (头发、阴毛、腋毛、腿毛 )角蛋白组分进行了分析。结果表明 ,同一个体毛发角蛋白电泳谱型基本相同 ,用激光光密度仪对电泳凝胶板扫描后证实 ,同一个体毛发角蛋白组分相对百分含量也无明显差异 ;人头部不同部位 (顶部、左侧、右侧、额部、枕部 )头发角蛋白的电泳谱型和角蛋白组分相对百分含量也基本相同。同一个体毛发角蛋白组分的分析 ,可为法医物证学鉴定中的毛发个人识别提供重要的依据。     

应用40Hz听觉相关电位与听性脑干反应评估听阈

对 42例 74耳（正常听力组 32耳,检案中主诉听力下降 42耳）分别进行纯音测定,声导抗测定,听性脑干反应 (Auditory Brainstem Response,ABR)及 0.5～ 2kHz范围的 40Hz听觉相关电位 (40Hertz Auditory Event－ related Potential,40Hz AERP)测定,对其中 20耳进行睡眠及清醒两种状态的 40Hz AERP测定。将纯音听阈、 40Hz AERP反应阈、 ABR反应阈三者之间进行比较分析。结果表明,正常听力耳 40Hz AERP反应阈值较纯音测听阈值高,在不同频率的校正值 (差值 )不同, 0.5 kHz为 12.7± 6.4(dBnHL); 1kHz为 14.7± 6.3(dBnHL); 2 kHz为 15± 5.6(dBnHL)。 ABR阈值比行为听阈高,校正值为 8.9± 5.3(dBnHL)。睡眠状态时 40Hz AERP阈值较清醒状态阈值高,校正值为 9.7± 2.45(dBnHL)。检案中主诉听力下降者主、客观语音频率均值之间明显不相符 ,误差率为 61％。本研究表明单纯使用 ABR、纯音测听中任何一种方法估计语音频率听阈均有一定的误差。     

Bibliography

This Bibliography, covering items noticed between May and August1960, has been compiled wish the co-operation of Miss Ruth Jones(International African Institute) and Professor T. Heyse (latelyof the Belgian Ministry of Colonies).     

Bibliography

This Bibliography, including items noticed between Februaryand May. 1958. has been compiled with the assistance of MissRuth Jones (International African Institute) and Professor T.Heyse (lately of the Belgian Minister of Colonies)