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151.
Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo 《Trends in Organized Crime》2008,11(3):270-295
Three categories of organised groups that exploit advances in information and communications technologies (ICT) to infringe
legal and regulatory controls: (1) traditional organised criminal groups which make use of ICT to enhance their terrestrial
criminal activities; (2) organised cybercriminal groups which operate exclusively online; and (3) organised groups of ideologically
and politically motivated individuals who make use of ICT to facilitate their criminal conduct are described in this article.
The need for law enforcement to have in-depth knowledge of computer forensic principles, guidelines, procedures, tools, and
techniques, as well as anti-forensic tools and techniques will become more pronounced with the increased likelihood of digital
content being a source of disputes or forming part of underlying evidence to support or refute a dispute in judicial proceedings.
There is also a need for new strategies of response and further research on analysing organised criminal activities in cyberspace.
相似文献
Kim-Kwang Raymond ChooEmail: |
152.
Austin Raymond 《环境索赔杂志》2015,27(3):226-243
This article details the process of legalizing hydraulic fracturing in North Carolina, which began with a request by the North Carolina Congress for a study of implementation strategies and geologic concerns from the state's environmental agencies. Steadily afterwards several pieces of legislation were introduced to create a regulatory scheme to encompass the issuing of drilling permits, regulating operations, and protecting surrounding groundwater. This article illustrates the legislative history, highlighting key components. Lastly, two recent studies regarding groundwater safety around hydraulic fracturing sites are explored in order to gain a brief understanding of the scientific consensus of the process. 相似文献
153.
M. Raymond Izarali 《Critical Criminology》2016,24(3):391-412
This article addresses the social harm of gas flaring by petroleum companies in the Niger Delta, Nigeria and makes a conceptual case for human rights and state-corporate crimes. It outlines the human and environmental harms caused, the role of the state and Shell and other corporate entities in producing such harms, the disregard shown to the communities when concerns are raised about the effects on their health and livelihood, and the disrepute brought to the administration of justice. It also outlines the insecurity spawned in the communities in the Niger Delta as a result of these harms and the high level of impoverishment suffered despite the wealth generated since the discovery of oil in the 1950s, thus broadly contributing to the literature on green criminology. 相似文献
154.
Raymond Hinnebusch 《Democratization》2015,22(2):335-357
What explains the almost wholly negative impact of international factors on post-uprising democratization prospects? This article compares the utility of rival “diffusionist” and neo-Gramscian political economy frames to explain this. Multiple international factors deter democratization. The failure of Western democracy promotion is rooted in the contradiction between the dominance of global finance capital and the norm of democratic equality; in the periphery, neo-liberalism is most compatible with hybrid regimes and, at best, “low intensity democracy”. In MENA, neo-liberalism generated crony capitalism incompatible with democratization; while this also sparked the uprisings, these have failed to address class inequalities. Moreover at the normative level, MENA hosts the most credible counter-hegemonic ideologies; the brief peaking of democratic ideology in the region during the early uprisings soon declined amidst regional discourse wars. Non-democrats – coercive regime remnants and radical charismatic movements – were empowered by the competitive interference of rival powers in uprising states. The collapse of many uprising states amidst a struggle for power over the region left an environment uncongenial to democratization. 相似文献
155.
Forensic Use of A Subtropical Blowfly: The First Case Indicating Minimum Postmortem Interval (mPMI) in Southern Brazil and First Record of Sarconesia Chlorogaster from a Human Corpse
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Karine P. Vairo M.Sc. Rodrigo C. Corrêa M.Sc. Melise C. Lecheta M.Sc. Maria F. Caneparo M.Sc. Kleber M. Mise Ph.D. Daniel Preti BSc. Claudio J.B. de Carvalho Ph.D. Lucia M. Almeida Ph.D. Mauricio O. Moura Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(Z1):S257-S260
Southern Brazil is unique due to its subtropical climate. Here, we report on the first forensic entomology case and the first record of Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann) in a human corpse in this region. Flies' samples were collected from a body indoors at 20°C. Four species were found, but only Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and S. chlorogaster were used to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI). The mPMI was calculated using accumulated degree hour (ADH) and developmental time. The S. chlorogaster puparium collected was light in color, so we used an experiment to establish a more accurate estimate for time since initiation of pupation where we found full tanning after 3 h. Development of C. albiceps at 20°C to the end of the third instar is 7.4 days. The mPMI based on S. chlorogaster (developmental time until the third instar with no more than 3 h of pupae development) was 7.6 days. 相似文献
156.
The Fates of Challengers in U.S. House Elections: The Role of Extended Party Networks in Supporting Candidates and Shaping Electoral Outcomes
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Bruce A. Desmarais Raymond J. La Raja Michael S. Kowal 《American journal of political science》2015,59(1):194-211
Extended party network (EPN) theory characterizes political parties in the United States as dynamic networks of interest groups that collaboratively support favored candidates for office. Electoral predictions derived from EPN theory have yet to be tested on a large sample of races. We operationalize EPNs in the context of organized interest contributions to U.S. House campaigns. We deduce that support by a partisan community of interests signals the ideological credibility and appeal of a candidate. EPN integration overcomes voter ambiguity surrounding challengers’ ideological preferences, and resources provided by these coordinating interest groups promote a consistent message about the candidate. Using data from the 1994–2010 cycles, we apply network analysis to detect EPN support of challengers and find that EPN integration substantially improves the electoral prospects of challengers. The effect of EPN integration is distinct from that of campaign resources. The findings provide support for EPN theory, as applied to congressional elections. 相似文献
157.
Raymond H. Starr Jr. 《Journal of family violence》1990,5(4):311-319
The knowledge base supporting child abuse treatment and prevention rests upon clinical experience and applied research. An analysis of program funding in the United States indicates that unevaluated clinical programs are funded rather than research or program evaluation projects. Grant funding patterns for the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect were analyzed for 4 years. Overall, 66% of projects had no research or evaluation component. Without such programs, we cannot determine the effectiveness of treatment and prevention efforts that, while well intended, may have no effects on the participating parents and children, or, worse still, may have unintended negative consequences. Quality programs must be based on the maintenance of a balance between research and clinical efforts with evaluation being an important component of the latter.Portions of this paper were presented at the Seventh International Congress on Child Abuse and Neglect, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 27 September, 1988. 相似文献
158.
159.
Raymond Paternoster Charles W. Dean Alex Piquero Paul Mazerolle Robert Brame 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1997,13(3):231-266
A number of criminological theories make either implicit or explicit predictions about the empirical relationship between prior and future offending behavior. Some argue that time-stable characteristics such as criminal propensity should account for any positive correlation between past and future criminal behavior for all individuals. Others contend that the positive association between offending behavior at different points in time are partly causal and partly spurious. Still others anticipate that different patterns will emerge for different groups (distinguished by their ciminal propensity) of individuals. Using a longitudinal data set comprised of 848 training school releasees, we test various hypotheses emanating from these different theoretical perspectives. The results indicate that (1) both stability and change have causal implications for one's offending behavior and (2) with but one exception, these effects do not vary between high and low criminal propensity groups. 相似文献
160.