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Professor James S Read 《Commonwealth Law Bulletin》2013,39(1):428-441
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One week after committing a simulated robbery while intoxicated or sober, each of 142 subjects recalled the event within a
“cognitive interview”. In an initial exploratory experiment, alcohol consumption reduced the accuracy of recall of a variety
of types of information, in particular, information about persons. In the second experiment, person identification suffered
following the consumption of alcohol, but only when arousal was low. Higher levels of arousal appeared instead to minimize
the negative impact of alcohol upon encoding and recall. Second, whereas the recollections by subjects of what they saw during
the crime were not impaired by alcohol consumption, their recollections of what they did were impaired. Both experiments examined
the effects of arousal upon the subjects' recalls, and Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that increased arousal serves to
reduce attention to peripheral sources of information. This hypothesis was supported because the identification of persons
central to the crime benefited from increased arousal but the identification of persons peripheral to the crime did not. A
similar hypothesis about the effects of alcohol received only mixed support because the subjects' behaviors reflected “alcohol
myopia” but their identifications of target persons did not. Finally, manipulations at the time of retrieval of the subjects'
beliefs about how much alcohol had been consumed also altered accuracy of recall.
These experiments were supported by research grants from the Alberta Law Foundation to the first author and from the Social
Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to the second author. The authors are indebted to the following people,
whose assistance was invaluable: Matthew Davidson, Vanessa Farr, Corinne Kuzma, Eileen McFadzen, Laura Mensch, Debbie Robb,
Todd Schultz, and Evelyn Tan. We also thank John Vokey, Brian Cutler, Beth Loftus, Garrett Berman, Marisa Caiola, and an anonymous
reviewer who provided critical comments on an earlier version of this paper. This research was presented at the meetings of
the American Psychology—Law Society, Williamsburg, March, 1990. 相似文献