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661.
Rebecca Lievesley Belinda Winder Christine Norman 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2014,25(3):262-287
This research comprises two qualitative studies understanding the experiences of (1) convicted sex offenders voluntarily receiving pharmacological treatment to reduce sexual preoccupation and (2) therapists working with these offenders. The studies form part of a research programme evaluating the use of pharmacological treatment with sexual offenders. In study one, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 sexual offenders receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In study two, interviews were conducted with eight intervention staff with varying levels of experience of working with offenders taking anti-libidinals. Thematic analysis was used and in study one, two main themes emerged: (i) the impact of the pharmacological treatment on prisoners’ daily functioning; (ii) barriers to compliance/engagement. In study two, three main themes emerged: (i) offenders’ reluctance to engage with pharmacological treatment; (ii) challenges for therapists; (iii) pharmacology: ‘just another piece of the puzzle’. Findings are discussed in relation to practice and future research. 相似文献
662.
Research suggests that a lack of family support, low self-efficacy, mental illness, and life stressors increase the likelihood of women using illicit substances during their pregnancies. These risk factors often characterize the lives of women on probation and parole. The current study uses data from a larger study of women on supervision to explore the risk and protective factors of substance use during pregnancy. Results highlight the importance of self-efficacy, mental health treatment, and family support; and suggest avenues for intervention to improve maternal and infant health outcomes. 相似文献
663.
As the United States struggles with national solutions to address climate change, state and local governments have become leaders in both mitigation and adaptation policy. Although a significant and growing body of research targets these policies, most studies have assumed common factors motivating both adaptation and mitigation policy adoption. There remains a need for more research on cities of all sizes, their adoption of specific local policies, the factors motivating those choices, and whether the influences for mitigation differ from those that motivate adaptation. The paper uses data from a new survey of over 200 local governments in eleven states of the Great Plains region, including measures distinguishing between mitigation and adaptation policies. These data are employed to test the relative influence of factors from three areas: the policy environment, the attitudes of governmental actors, and community atmosphere, in explaining observed variation in the adoption of climate change policies. 相似文献
664.
Poor initial planning processes have been implicated in the high failure rate of rural water and sanitation development projects. This article critically examines 17 existing planning frameworks for rural water supply and sanitation projects with respect to key attributes of good planning practice, in order to discover the extent to which these address the elements of planning that relate to sustainability. It identifies sustainability-related factors from the sector that have been recognised as such and incorporated into current frameworks, as well as factors that are not yet well covered, and makes recommendations to practitioners wishing to employ such frameworks. 相似文献
665.
Daniel Joseph Friend Renay P. Cleary Bradley Rebecca Thatcher John M. Gottman 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(7):551-563
Given the prevalence and impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) in both community and therapeutic settings, it is vital
that the varying typologies of IPV be identified and treated accordingly. The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy
of a screening instrument designed to differentiate between characterologically violent, situationally violent, and distressed
non-violent couples; focus was placed on identifying situationally violent couples so that they could be invited to participate
in a conjoint pyschoeducational workshop. Couples from two samples were assessed to achieve this goal. Situationally violent
couples (N = 115) from Sample 1 were screened into the study via a phone interview and participated in an in-home assessment, which
assessed self-reported relationship violence. These couples were compared to a previously collected sample (Sample 2; Jacobsen
et al. 1994) of characterologically violent, distressed non-violent, and situationally violent couples. The main hypotheses stated that
couples from Sample 1 would report less severe relationship violence than characterlogically violent couples from Sample 2,
and would report greater amounts of low-level violence than distressed non-violent couples from Sample 2. Additionally, similar
rates of both self-reported violence would be seen for situationally violent couples from Samples 1 and 2. Multivariate analyses
supported this with the exception that situationally violent couples from Sample 1 did not differ significantly across all
domains from distressed non-violent couples in Sample 2. Implications for the screening instrument’s utility in clinical and
research settings are discussed. 相似文献
666.
667.
Obesity is a widespread condition affecting modern Americans. The prevalence of obesity has led to questions of how it can affect the skeleton, and if so can it be identified in unknown skeletal material. This study attempts to decipher the effects of activity level and body mass in modern Americans by employing musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) to estimate osseous responses to workload and body weight. A total sample of 108 skeletons of known activity level and body mass index (BMI) was observed for MSM in the upper extremity (excluding hands). The entheses selected included arm muscles used during the sit-to-stand transition, which is common in most persons, regardless of activity level and BMI. Using the three categories: normal, active, and obese, logistic regression was calculated on MSM to ascertain which markers were the best indicators of these three categories. Numerous muscles of the upper limb were significant predictors of activity level and body mass, although they did not perform much better than chance. MSM may be used as predictors of activity level and/or BMI in forensic contexts; however, they should be used in conjunction with other indications of workload and/or BMI. 相似文献
668.
669.
670.
Suzanne C. Perkins Joanne Smith-Darden Rebecca M. Ametrano Sandra Graham-Bermann 《Journal of family violence》2014,29(4):439-451
Incarcerated youth experience high rates of violence exposure (VE), cognitive processing (CP) deficits, and mental health (MH) problems. It is not clear whether VE combined with CP deficits are particularly salient risk factors for MH dysfunction. Male incarcerated youth offenders (n?=?115) completed standardized self-reports of MH and VE. CP was measured with executive functioning tasks and academic assessments. Person-centered Ward’s Squared Euclidian Distance cluster analysis was used to examine unique patterns of CP and VE. Cluster analysis defined five distinct profiles of MH functioning, CP, and VE rates within incarcerated adolescents. Two groups, with high rates of VE and CP deficits, showed high rates of MH problems. Linear techniques may obscure important differences within this population. 相似文献