医源性新生儿肺气肿—附3例分析

报道了3例新生儿肺气肿,均发现实质性肺气肿、间质性肺气肿和大泡性肺气肿,其中1例伴有气体广泛蓄积于软组织间隙,表现为自肺间隔开始,经肺门至纵隔,并直达胸、颈、腹、腹股沟等处皮下组织和阴囊。所报道的新生儿肺气肿原因被认为是抢救时加压吸氧造成。     

医疗改革重在解决“贵”和“难”

去年,我们先后走访了东、中、西九个省市,对看病难、看病贵的问题进行了考察与调研.所闻各方面的情况和意见,使我们切实感受到医疗问题,真正是百姓头上的一座"大山".由于看病"难"和"贵",不少人有病不敢进医院."小病拖、大病挨,要死才往医院抬"的现象比较普遍.就是在天津这样的大城市里,我们也遇到一位曾任厂长和工会主席的老共产党员,床下藏着一瓶滴滴畏.他说:"怕的是医疗费过高,不能把沉重的负担压给下一代!"为什么改革开放已经使GDP翻了三番的今天,看病问题却使得近90%的百姓为之却步和担忧,感到无奈和艰难?     

A forensic entomology case from the Amazon rain forest of Brazil

The first case of application of forensic entomology in the Brazilian Amazonia is described. The corpses of 26 men were found in the rainforest in Rondonia State, Brazil. Fly larvae collected on the bodies during autopsy were identified as Paralucilia fulvinota (Diptera, Calliphoridae). No data or specimens were collected at the crime scene. At the laboratory, the larvae developed into pupae in 58 h and into adults in 110.5 h. The total development time for P. fulvinota was measured in field experiments inside the forest. The age of the larvae when collected from the bodies was estimated as the difference between the time required for them to become adults and the total development time for this species. The estimated age of the maggots and the minimum postmortem interval was 5.7 days.     

Mental Health Court Outcomes: A Comparison of Re-Arrest and Re-Arrest Severity Between Mental Health Court and Traditional Court Participants

Mental health courts have been proliferating across the country since their establishment in the late 1990's. Although numerous advocates have proclaimed their merit, only few empirical studies have evaluated their outcomes. This paper evaluates the effect of one mental health court on criminal justice outcomes by examining arrests and offense severity from one year before to one year after entry into the court, and by comparing mental health court participants to comparable traditional criminal court defendants on these measures. Multivariate models support the prediction that mental health courts reduce the number of new arrests and the severity of such re-arrests among mentally ill offenders. Similar analysis of mental health court completers and non-completers supports the prediction that a "full dose" of mental health treatment and court monitoring produce even fewer re-arrests.     

Further evidence of the validity of the Suicide Risk Assessment Scale for prisoners

The Suicide Risk Assessment Scale (SRAS; nine items) is useful in correctional settings but needed further validation. First, 44 inmates originally screened as suicidal with the SRAS were evaluated by institutional psychologists according to five criteria: suicidal urgency, risk, appropriateness of referral, need for short- or long-term watch. On the whole, the SRAS was judged to be as effective as a more elaborate test. Second, 242 suicidal and non-suicidal inmates were tested with the SRAS. Their results correlated better with suicidal risk (.71) than with urgency (.50). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis even showed that the SRAS performed better than a more elaborate test in predicting risk.     

Genetic variation of 15 STR autosomal loci in the Maracaibo population from Venezuela

Allele frequencies for 15 short tandem repeats (STRs) autosomal loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA, included in the AmpFLSTR Identifiler, Applied Biosystems) were studied in the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela and were compared with other published Latin-American populations for the same loci. Population and forensic parameters were estimated.     

肋软骨及牙髓细胞DNA含量与PMI的相关性

目的探讨人死后肋软骨及牙髓细胞平均DNA含量与死亡时间(PMI)的相关性,寻求推断PMI的新方法。方法应用细胞图像分析技术分析高温(30～35℃)及低温(15～20℃)环境下人死后0～15d两种组织细胞平均DNA含量的降解情况。结果两种组织细胞平均DNA含量随死后时间的延长而逐步降解,其中低温组牙髓细胞平均DNA含量的降解在死后0～4d内有一个降解平台期。统计分析两组温度下两种组织细胞平均DNA含量与PMI有显著的负相关性(P<0.01)。结论依据两种组织细胞平均DNA含量的降解可进行PMI推断。     

“惩防体系”——反腐倡廉的里程碑

<建立健全教育、制度、监督并重的惩治和预防腐败体系实施纲要>(以下简称"惩防体系")已由中共中央正式颁布实施了.这是我国党风廉政建设和反腐败工作中的一件具有里程碑意义的大事,也是党的执政能力建设工程中的一件大事.     

烧骨组织形态变化及DNA技术在个体识别中的应用

烧骨在火灾、焚尸、交通、爆炸等案件和事故的检材中具有特殊的地位。通过对不同条件焚烧下烧骨组织形态及DNA变化规律的研究,可为法医实践中烧骨的种属鉴定、性别及年龄判定提供准确的依据和标准,同时可利用残存的基因位点对烧骨残块进行个体识别和同一认定。烧骨DNA的提取方法及检测技术也在不断探索和改进。本文对烧骨在形态学、组织学和分子生物学水平研究进展以及烧骨评测的方法、技术进行概述,旨在为法医实践及进一步研究提供新的方法和思路。     

农民专业合作社政府规制体系——基于法约尔企业管理理论的探讨

政府规制是政府为了维护公众利益和纠正市场失灵而规范市场主体活动的行为。农民专业合作社是因提高农民组织化程度而具有广泛正外部效应的特殊市场主体,如何认识、规范并推动其发展,就成为政府规制研究领域的重要议题。本文借鉴法约尔企业管理理论的经典归纳,构建了农民专业合作社政府规制体系和分析框架,沿着农民专业合作社经营所涉及的管理活动、商业活动、技术活动、资本活动、会计活动和安全活动等六条清晰线索,将合作社本质特征所决定的不同于营利性企业的经营特点考量在内,以目前政府相关规制政策为依据,创设了农民专业合作社的政府规制体系,并从中国农民专业合作社现实出发,概括了每项规制的内涵及构成,试图为研究中国农民专业社及政府规制提供一套有效的分析框架。