国有企业资本运营风险机理透析

国有企业资本运营是一项极具风险的经济活动,只有全面的认识国有企业资本运营风险的形成机理,才能制定更加科学和有效的风险防范策略来降低和规避资本运营风险。本文在国有企业资本运营风险的含义和特征基础上,重点阐述了国有企业资本运营风险的形成机理。     

回顾与展望:中国改革30年

当"中国"和"改革"两词在30年前被郑重地书写到一起的时候,相信无人能准确言及其对30年后今天的真正意义.中国改革近30年的印痕,深深地嵌入了中国经济、政治、文化、社会等各个领域,悄悄地改写了中国人民乃至世界人民的生活,渐渐地形成了中国独具特色的发展模式,也缓缓地积累了中国进一步发展所必须突破的诸多瓶颈.     

Political participation in Swiss referenda at federal and cantonal levels: 1879–1981

Political participation in the process of semidirect democracy differs in several important respects from political participation in elections in representative democracies. This study discusses patterns of participation in 300 referenda at the cantonal and federal level in Switzerland during the 1879–1981 period. The purpose of this survey is to account for cross-temporal and cross-cantonal variations in terms of: (a) referenda type, (b) competition intensity, and (c) the influence of a multiple political culture. The findings suggest that distinctive political cultures and life styles, and other collective factors account for turn-out percentages and competition intensity. Voters tend to mobilize essentially to reject constitutional revisions and laws rather than accept them. The significance of cross-temporal differences was found to diminish during the 1952–1981 period. This tendency toward increasing standardization of Swiss political participation does not, however, completely blur the specificity of participation within cantons, suggesting that the multicultural nature of Swiss society is still prevalent.     

Population genetics of nine short tandem repeat loci: allele frequency distribution in a Brazilian population sample

Gene and genotype frequencies in relation to the D3S1358, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820 loci were determined in a sample of 290 unrelated individuals (204 Caucasians and 86 mulattoes) living in the city of S?o Paulo, Brazil. The sex test Amelogenin was also performed in all subjects from our sample, revealing the expected sex in all instances. Allele frequency data obtained from the analysis of these samples were in the usual range of other population groups with similar racial background. In the sample of Caucasian individuals, panmictic proportions were ruled out in relation to TPOX and CSF1PO loci, but only in the latter was the overall frequency of heterozygotes significantly less than expected. In the sample of mulattoes, Hardy-Weinberg proportions were rejected in relation to FGA and CSF1PO loci, but in no instance were the overall numbers of heterozygotes different from the corresponding expected ones under panmixia. Taking into account all this and also the number of tests performed, the degree of genetic heterogeneity of Brazilian populations, and the critical level reached by the significant results (1% < alpha<5%), the departures from panmixia here observed can be considered to be negligible in altering significantly biologic relationship odds calculated under the assumption of random matings.     

Glycated hemoglobin: a useful post-mortem reference marker in determining diabetes

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) has been demonstrated to be a useful marker for long-term glucose control in diabetes. This parameter characterizes each non-enzymatic fixation of glucose on hemoglobin. It is a useful test in addition to periodic glycemia controls since it reflects the mean glycemia of the past 60 days. We studied the conservation of HbA(1c) at 4 degrees C as a function of time with different anti-coagulants and preservatives (3, 6 months, 1 year). A total of 106 tests were performed using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method dedicated to the semi-automatic analysis of HbA(1c) (Bio-Rad) and we applied the method in forensic cases. Conservation at 4 degrees C was good for as long as 3 months in blood samples collected with fluoride and 6 months in samples collected in a dry or in a heparinized tube. In non-diabetic subjects, HbA(1c) reference values obtained from forensic samples were identical to those of living controls (3.5-6.25% of total hemoglobin). All positive HbA(1c) results were confirmed by a medical evaluation. This method was successfully applied to five forensic cases. In cases of increased acetonemia, acetone or isopropanol are easily measured. However, in some unexplained post-mortem circumstances, increased HbA(1c) permits to differentiate alcoholic or starvation ketoacidosis from the diabetic cases. Glycated hemoglobin should, therefore, be considered the forensic marker of choice in the post-mortem diagnosis of a diabetic disorder and demonstrates its usefulness in post-mortem validation.     

农村基层组织建设与新农村建设——从农村基层组织存在的问题和解决途径谈起

党的十六届五中全会提出建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化建设的重大历史任务,明确了今后5午我国经济社会发展的奋斗目标和行动纲领,提出了建设社会主义新农村的重大历史任务,为做好当前和今后一个时期的“三农”工作指明了方向。而在新农村建设中,农村基层组织是农村工作的领导核心、是党联系群众的纽带、是引导农民走向富裕道路的先导力量,“人民群众富不富,关键在于党支部”。然而针对目前农村基层组织还存在很多急需解决的问题。因此,必须找到一些切实有效的解决方法和途径。     

曹植的友情诗浅析

曹植的友情诗以独特的意象传达出诗人对友情强烈的赞美,在文学史上具有划时代的性质。其友情诗最重要的内容是对友情的歌颂,不仅表达了对友人的勉励、宽慰之意,同时还体现出对宇宙无限、人生短促的感慨情绪。     

建立适应社会主义市场经济发展的道德体系

市场经济与道德存在着矛盾与对立,但二者之间也存在彼此容纳、彼此依赖、彼此统一的属性。发展社会主义市场经济,不仅要建立相应的法律体系,而且要建立与之相适应的思想道德体系。     

论社会主义信用道德建设

信用道德建设是当前我国公民道德建设的重点工程。文章从信用道德建设的重要性入手 ,对现阶段我国信用道德出现失范现象的社会根源进行了反思和分析 ,在此基础上提出了加强和改进社会主义信用道德建设的具体措施和对策     

Masterstatus, Familie und Geschlecht

Intention des Beitrages ist es, Geschlecht und Familie auf der Basis eines institutionenorientierten Lebenslaufansatzes neu zu durchdenken. Die Zentrierung auf gesellschaftliche Institutionen als Orte der Vermittlung von individuellem Handeln und sozialstrukturellen Bedingungen ermöglicht es, mikro-, meso- und makrosoziale Interdependenzen in den Mittelpunkt zu rücken und bisher zum großen Teil verdeckten, da indirekten Strukturierungen von Geschlechterverhältnissen auf die Spur zu kommen. Aus dieser Perspektive relativiert sich die in der Lebenslaufforschung dominierende Individualisierungs-These zugunsten der Erkenntnis, dass Individuen sich durch institutionelle Eigenlogiken untereinander vernetzt sehen, die sie in neue Zwickmühlen bringen. Der Beitrag von Lebenslauf-Institutionen zur Rekonstruktion einer Geschlechterordnung gerät zwar zunehmend in Widerspruch zu Anforderungen an das individuelle Management der eigenen Biographie, doch der relationale Bezug zwischen Institutionen scheint Familie und Geschlecht weder aus ihren subjektiven Verpflichtungsmustern zu entlassen, noch aus ihrer sozialstrukturellen Vermittlerrolle zwischen biographischen Optionen und inkompatiblen institutionellen Verfügbarkeits-Ansprüchen.