Ontogeny of Size and Shape Sexual Dimorphism in the Ilium: A Multislice Computed Tomography Study by Geometric Morphometry

We studied sexually dimorphic differences in the ilium using geometric morphometric analysis of 10 osteometric landmarks recorded by multislice computed tomography, based on three‐dimensional reconstructions of 188 children (95 boys, 93 girls) of mixed origins living in the area of Toulouse, southern France, and ranging in age from 1 to 18 years. We used geometric morphometrics methodology first to test sexual dimorphism in size (centroid size) and shape (Procrustes residuals) and second to examine patterns of shape change with age (development) and size change with age (growth). On the basis of statistical significance testing, the ilium shape became sexually dimorphic at 11 years of age, although visible shape differences were observed as early as 1 year of age. There was no statistically significant difference in size between sexes. Trajectories of shape (development) and size (growth) differed throughout ontogeny and between sexes.     

Experiential Teaching in an Adult Development Course: Promoting an Understanding of Intergenerational Interactions

Twelve students in a developmental psychology service-learning course engaged in a service-learning project with two groups of elders in an urban setting. Nine members of the class provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on this experiential learning experience. Survey results indicated that students believed the project increased their interest in the content area and that the project was a valuable aspect of the course. Based on student reflection papers in the course, students could identify specific ways the project helped them to learn course content. Finally, two interviewed students commented on how the project helped dismantle ageist preconceptions they held prior to completing the course. The project illustrates the advantages of experiential teaching in promoting interactions and understanding between diverse age groups. Three recommendations for implementing experiential teaching in community psychology and service-learning courses are presented.     

辽宁汉族青年女性面部不对称性的分析

目的研究辽宁汉族青年女性面部的不对称性,为面部识别和颅面复原提供数据。方法随机选择100例正常青年女性,采用MRI摄片,应用VG Studio 2.2MAX软件测量面部的标志点,测量后的右、左侧面部坐标进行欧几里德几何距离矩阵分析（EDMA）,最后使用Geomagic Wrap 12软件对左侧面部三维图像进行镜像合成,生成完全对称的镜像面部并与真实面部进行比较。结果 EDMA分析显示,右、左侧面部有显著形态学差异,bootstrap检验T=1.402,P=0.001,形状差异矩阵（FDM）比值（右侧比左侧）在0.95-1.05的有224个占85%,FDM比值小于0.95和大于1.05的部分有40个占15%,40个不对称比值中有15个小于0.95占37.5%,25个比值大于1.05占62.5%。Geomagic Wrap 12分析结果显示镜像合成的面部与真实面部图像有明显差异。结论辽宁汉族青年女性面部不对称,不对称性为15%,右侧面部比左侧面部不对称性影响大。     

后现代社会发展视野下的海岸带管理

海岸带作为人类活动最为频繁的地区,在后现代社会面临着前所未有的压力。该文从分析后现代社会的特性入手,探讨后现代社会与海岸带管理的内在联系,进而分析后现代社会中推动海岸带管理的内核,最后着眼于海岸带管理在后现代社会中的具体实践,以期对进入后现代社会的中国的海岸带管理有所裨益。     

SUB‐NATIONAL GOVERNMENT CAPITAL SPENDING IN INDONESIA: LEVEL,STRUCTURE, AND FINANCING

Sub‐national government capital spending is important for both public service delivery and economic development. Currently, Indonesian sub‐national public capital spending appears barely sufficient to cover the annual depreciation of its fixed assets. A substantial proportion of local government investment spending goes to create relatively unproductive assets, such as administrative office buildings. Sub‐national governments finance their capital acquisitions out of gross operating budgets and have thus far not used, to any great extent, either borrowed funds or their significant cash reserves for such purposes. Indonesian sub‐nationals need to spend more on capital than they do now and also need to focus that spending on more useful types of infrastructure. The major constraints to increasing capital spending at the sub‐national level are not related to a dearth of finance, but regulatory rigidities in budget preparation and implementation and, most importantly, a lack of capacity to plan, design and implement investment projects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

马克思主义发展史学科若干重大问题研究

马克思主义不是纯粹的历史现象,它还是当代现象。马克思主义发展史上的多数争论,从根本上讲不是由史料、版本决定的,而是由实践、对历史事实的价值判断决定的,是世界观与方法论这一根本问题。马克思主义发展史学科应体现理论本身和学科建设的当代性、实践性和综合性的特点,不能仅局限于历史学的方法,要做到史论结合、以史为据、以论为纲、论从史出。马克思主义发展史要突破长期以来形成的马克思主义哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义这种三大板块的思维方式和表现方式,把握各个历史阶段突出的问题和任务并以此为主题展开,把社会主义实践的生长点以及由此产生的马克思主义理论的创新点结合起来,探索出一种新的学科定位和研究方向。新时期的马克思主义发展史要立足于社会主义产生和发展的历史进程,根据中国特色社会主义实践、中国化马克思主义的新成果,充实更新其历史内容,从而完整地展现马克思主义发展的历史过程和理论逻辑。     

Book Reviews

Matthew Amengual, Politicized Enforcement in Argentina: Labor and Environmental Regulation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Figures, tables, appendix, notes, bibliography, index, 286 pp.; hardcover $99.99, ebook $80. Matthew C. Ingram, Crafting Courts in New Democracies: The Politics of Subnational Judicial Reform in Brazil and Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Maps, figures, tables, appendixes, bibliography, index, 392 pp.; hardcover, $110. Russell Crandall, The Salvador Option: The United States in El Salvador, 1977–1992. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Photographs, maps, figures, list of organizations, bibliography, index, 698 pp; hardcover $99.99, paperback $39.99, ebook $32. Luis Fernando Angosto‐Ferrández, Venezuela Reframed: Bolivarianism, Indigenous Peoples and Socialisms of the Twenty‐First Century. London: Zed Books, 2015. Appendix, bibliography, index, 312 pp.; paperback, ebook. Fábio de Castro, Barbara Hogenboom, and Michiel Baud, eds., Environmental Governance in Latin America. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Tables, figures, map, bibliography, index, 350 pp.; hardcover $31, ebook. Eduardo Alemán and George Tsebelis, eds., Legislative Institutions and Lawmaking in Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. Figures, tables, notes, bibliography, index, 296 pp.; hardcover $90, ebook. Joseph S. Tulchin, Latin America in International Politics: Challenging U.S. Hegemony. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2016. Bibliography, index, 235 pp.; hardcover $60. Kevin P. Gallagher, The China Triangle: Latin America's China Boom and the Fate of the Washington Consensus. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. Tables, figures, bibliography, index, 256 pp.; hardcover $27.95, ebook.     

革命者与立法者之间：新英格兰乡镇的政治学理

美利坚独立革命的烽火首先从乡镇（波士顿、康科德、莱克星顿）点燃，并在乡镇联合行动中逐步形成燎原之势。1780年，在麻萨诸塞，新的邦宪条款的制定可以说是参加制宪大会（convention）的代表与他们各自所代表的乡镇民众不断讨论斟酌的结果，其中大、小乡镇之间围绕邦议会代表权、行政职位的设置、司法权的地位、邦与各乡镇之关系等现实议题的争论正是七年后费城合众国立宪大会的现实依据和学理基础。在丹尼尔·谢斯（Daniel Shays）及其率领的自耕农（Regulators）看来，麻萨诸塞政府已经成为东部商业利益集团谋取私利的工具，设在波士顿的新政府日趋脱离人民，走向专制，为此人民有责任揭竿而起，驱逐渡士顿的权力精英，捍卫《独立宣言》的基本原则；同样，在南、北战争前夕的南部种植园主看来，联邦政府已被以林肯及其共和党代表的东北部利益集团所操控，美利坚国家的立国原则遭到破坏，而南部“美利坚联众国”（the Confederate States of America）的使命正是意在捍卫美利坚国父们的立国精神。为此，对乡镇的历史考察和现实观照无疑是推进我们理解当代美国政治和美利坚政治文化的关键环节，本文正是这一努力的初步尝试。     

试析城市化对印度可持续发展的影响

城市化是居住在农业地区的人口向城市或非农业中心转移,是每个发达国家在其经济发展过程中经历的必然阶段。随着印度经济的发展,印度也必然经历城市化过程,而且印度的城市化规模在世界城市化史上将是史无前例的。城市是印度发展的基础,城市是印度经济发展的重要载体,城市也是印度经济社会包容性发展的关键。城市是印度社会的一个缩影,是不同社区、不同行业和不同收入阶层的共同的家园,城市在印度经济社会发展中发挥的作用会越来越大。     

检察机关公正廉洁执法问题研究——以基层检察院为视角

公正廉洁执法是推进社会主义法治建设进一步深化的重要保障。检察机关在我国政法体系中居于在享有执法权力的同时又被宪法赋予法律监督权力的特殊位置,因此,认真分析检察机关公正廉洁执法存在的问题并提出相应的对策,对于落实和推进检察工作科学发展有着积极的现实意义和深远的理论意义。