Fatal firearm wounds: a retrospective study in Bari (Italy) between 1988 and 2003

Fatal gunshot injuries are routinely encountered by forensic pathologists practicing in Southern Italy. Bari, the capital city of the Italian region known as Apulia, is a leader with regard to the number of firearm deaths in Italy. This is mainly attributable to local organized crime groups which control a variety of illicit activities. This retrospective study analyzes autopsy data related to fatal firearm wounds, handled by the Institute of Legal Medicine [University of Bari], between 1988 and 2003. A total of 717 cases were selected and classified as follows: firearm homicides (634); suicides (82); and accidental death (1). A significant number of variables have been reviewed such as: month in which the violent event took place; the victims' nationalities; gender and age of victims; site and number of entrance wounds; weapon type used; and manner of death (i.e. homicide; suicide; accidental). Analysis has revealed a homicide versus suicide ratio of almost 8:1. Victims were mostly male with a lower mean age than in other similar studies. Homicides with multiple gunshot wounds were more common than ones with single entrance wounds. For example, in one case, 30 entrance wounds were identified in the murder of a gang boss. Four suicides with two entrance gunshot wounds were identified. Handguns were the most frequently used weapon in all groups (i.e. homicide, suicide, and accidental), with 7.65 mm and 9 mm being the most common calibres. This study revealed a very low incidence of suicide among females. Mental and other types of illness, as well as financial stress were the apparent motives which prompted most of the suicide victims. The homicide cases described were most often related to continual, ongoing fights among local criminal gangs (75%).     

提高长春市自主创新能力,加快推进创新型城市建设

创新型城市就是把自立创新作为发展科学技术的战略基点,大幅度提高科技创新能力,形成具有强大科技创新优势和竞争优势的城市.把长春市建设成为创新型城市具有重大的现实意义.     

听力减退及相关残疾标准比较研究

听力减退的客观评估是法医临床鉴定中的难点之一.2017年1月1日《人体损伤致残程度分级》实施,其听力减退伤残评定与既往标准存在一定差异.本文比较了《伤残分级》与国内外其他残疾标准中听力残疾相关内容,探讨《伤残分级》标准的优点及不足.同时回述了近年应用较多的客观听力检测方法,比较了客观听力检测方法与纯音测听阈值关联性.国内外听力减退评定均是基于WHO的听力障碍分级,但在双耳听力伤残值的计算及耳鸣、年龄对听力伤残值的影响上均存在一定差异.     

电针内关对心肌缺血大鼠电压门控钾离子通道蛋白的影响

目的研究电针内关穴对心肌缺血大鼠心肌细胞电压门控钾离子通道相关蛋白表达的影响,比较循经取穴与其他取穴方法的差异。方法健康雄性SD大鼠(SPF级)随机分成对照组、模型组、内关组、列缺组、非经非穴组,通过注射盐酸异丙肾上腺素制作动物模型,Western blot检测Kv1.4、Kv4.2、Kv4.3、KCh IP2、Kir2.1、Kir2.2六个指标,观察电针前后各组大鼠心肌细胞电压门控钾离子通道相关蛋白表达量的变化情况。结果与模型组比较,内关组和列缺组蛋白表达量均升高(P<0.05),非经非穴组与模型组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),内关组的蛋白表达量高于列缺组,但低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论电针内关穴和列缺穴均可以提高心肌缺血大鼠心肌细胞电压门控钾离子通道相关蛋白的表达量,且心包经内关穴的针刺效应优于列缺穴。     

A Serious Game: Performance Management in Italian Ministries

In 2009, extensive performance management measures were introduced in Italian ministries, following a significant legislative initiative. The objectives that were initially set, however, have not yet been reached. In the paper, the authors discuss this issue, starting with the consideration of the main limits on the introduction of performance measurement systems in public organizations. The discussion leads to the conclusion that the shortcomings of performance management depend not only on the persistence of an administrative paradigm, but also on the underestimated impact of control over organizational behavior; where the latter is linked not to mechanical logic processes, but to more sophisticated forms of reactivity or even counter-intuitive sense-making processes.     

Book reviews

The Partition of the Steppe. The Struggle of the Russians, Manchus, and the Zunghar Mongols for Empire in Central Asia, 1619–1758: A Study in Power Politics Fred W. Bergholz New York: Peter Lang, 1993, vi + 522 pp, hardcover

On Secret Service East of Constantinople: the plot to bring down the British Empire Peter Hopkirk London: John Murray, 1994. xvi, 431 pp. illus., £19.99

The Soviet Union and its Southern Neighbours: Iran and Afghanistan Mikhail Volodarsky London: Frank Cass Publishers, 1994, 196 pp, $37.50

Moscow's Lost Empire Michael Rywkin Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1994, 214 pp, biblio, index

Russia and the Third World in the Post‐Soviet Era Mohiaddin Mesbahi (editor) Gainesville, USA: University Press of Florida, 1994, 414 pp, $49.95 cloth, $19.95/£18 paper

Central Asia and the World: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan Michael Mandelbaum (editor) New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1994, viii, 251 pp, $16.95 paperback     

邓小平论科学决策的依据

邓小平作为我国改革开放的总设计师 ,曾多角度、全方位论述了科学决策的依据 ,主要有 :科学决策必须以四项基本原则为基础 ;科学决策必须以基本国情为依据 ;科学决策必须以符合人民利益为根本 ;科学决策必须以推动社会生产力的发展为标准。学习邓小平的科学决策思想 ,对加快制度创新 ,提高工作绩效 ,意义重大而深远。     

对重大环境污染事故罪的探讨

20世纪70年代以来,我国环保工作由于政府的重视而逐渐进入了法制的轨道,大量关于环境保护的法律法规相继出台;但目前仍存在大量的环境污染和环境破坏问题,这给社会经济发展和人民生命财产造成了严重危害。为了适应惩治环境犯罪的需要,重大环境污染事故罪作为新增罪名被写入97刑法中。目前法学界对该罪仍存争议,从犯罪构成要件入手对本罪主、客观要件作一些探讨具有现实意义。     

证据展示制度存在的问题及对策

为了更好的适应刑诉法修改后抗辩式的庭审模式,目前在全国检察机关范围内建立了多个证据展示制度的试点 单位,但实践中发现现行证据展示制度尚存在一些问题,需要采取相应的对策予以完善,试论述如下。