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861.
Martin Guevara Urbina 《Critical Criminology》2007,15(1):41-99
With few exceptions, prior explanations of racially disparate punishment have followed a dichotomous approach (i.e., African
American versus Caucasian), due in part to the limitations of existing data. Researchers have either excluded Latino/a, defendants
or treated them as a monolithic group. Consequently, there is not much on Latinos/as, whose experiences with the criminal
and juvenile justice systems differ from those of African American and Caucasian. This article expands on current literature
by providing a thorough overview of existing literature on Latino/as. It critiques this body of literature and lists ten common
methodological flaws that may contribute to findings of equal treatment. Finally, it provides a concise summary of the main
subgroups within the umbrella term ‘Latino/a’ to highlight the heterogeneity within this classification. 相似文献
862.
Jess Alderman Jason A. Smith Ellen J. Fried Richard A. Daynard 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2007,35(1):90-112
Childhood obesity is in important respects a result of legal policies that influence both dietary intake and physical activity. The law must shift focus away from individual risk factors alone and seek instead to promote situational and environmental influences that create an atmosphere conducive to health. To attain this goal, advocates should embrace a population-wide model of public health, and policymakers must critically examine the fashionable rhetoric of consumer choice. 相似文献
863.
864.
Recent interest in the construct of motivation to change among male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) has led
to development of two self-report measures of this construct: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment for Domestic
Violence (URICA-DV; Levesque et al. 2000) and the Safe at Home Inventory (SAH; Begun et al. 2003). We examined the internal
structure of these instruments using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses in a sample of 199 male IPV perpetrators
waiting to begin court-mandated batterer intervention programs. Results indicated that the scales had adequate internal consistency.
However, using confirmatory factor analyses, the hypothesized structural models of each instrument fit the data poorly. Subsequent
models suggested by a series of exploratory factor analyses failed to improve model fit substantially for both scales. For
the URICA-DV, a 3-factor model including items from the Precontemplation, Contemplation, and Action subscales fit the data
adequately. No acceptable model fit could be found for the SAH. Intercorrelations among similar subscales across the two inventories
suggested only a modest degree of intercorrelation (r’s = 0.16–0.52), and a factor structure more dependent on scale of origin than item latent content, suggesting that the scales
assess different facets of the readiness to change construct. These results suggest that before the stages of change construct
can be fully applied to the IPV area, more research and evaluation are needed on how to accurately assess abuser readiness
to change. 相似文献
865.
866.
Michael E. Allison 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2010,45(1):104-124
Over the last several decades, numerous civil wars have ended as a consequence of negotiated settlements. Following many of
these settlements, rebel groups have made the transition to political party and competed in democratic elections. In this
paper, I assess the legacy of civil war on the performance of rebel groups as political parties. I argue that the ability
of rebels to capture and control territory and their use of violence against the civilian population are two key factors explaining
the performance of rebels as political parties. I test these hypotheses against the case of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation
Front (FMLN) in El Salvador using one-way ANOVA and multivariate regression analyses. In analyzing the FMLN’s performance
in the 1994 “elections of the century,” I find that, as a political party, the FMLN benefited both from the state’s violently
disproportionate response and its ability to hold territory during the war. 相似文献
867.
Judith A. Ryder 《Critical Criminology》2007,15(1):19-40
This study analyzes the role of trauma and disrupted attachments in the development of adolescent girls’ violent behavior.
A grounded theory approach was applied to the narratives of 24 young women (age 13–16 years old) who were adjudicated and
remanded to custody for an assault or robbery. Three types of loss were inductively derived from the data (death of a loved
one, physical absence, and psychological unavailability) as were two categories of violence (in the home and in the community).
Findings suggest that extensive losses and violent experiences disrupted the young women’s attachment to their caregivers,
and these experiences were disregarded or inadequately addressed. Detachment and the absence of supportive others left the
young women poised to engage in a variety of maladaptive behaviors including violence. Theoretical and programmatic implications
are discussed. 相似文献
868.
869.
Isotope ratio mass spectrometry as a tool for forensic investigation (examples from recent studies).
James F Carter Richard Sleeman Jenny C Hill Fay Idoine Emma L Titterton 《Science & justice》2005,45(3):141-149
The versatility of isotope ratio mass spectrometry is demonstrated by reference to diverse case studies. Variations in the natural isotopic composition of non-biological, organic materials are compared as a means by which samples may be associated or discriminated. These techniques may be used to augment or compliment conventional forensic methodologies. delta13C analysis was used to demonstrate that different masking tape had been recovered in two, apparently similar cases, involving the smuggling of money. Visually similar ecstasy tablets were compared by consideration of the delta13C and delta15N composition of MDMA extracted from the tablets. Although only a limited number of tablets were analysed, the isotopic similarity between two different seizures was sufficient to induce a guilty plea from a person suspected of possessing both. A combination of delta2H, delta13C, delta15N and delta18O together with GC-MS analyses were applied to small samples of seized heroin. Although GC-MS analysis indicated differences between the chemical composition of two of the heroin samples, isotopic analysis suggested similarities, which were confirmed by further delta2H, delta13C and delta18O isotopic analysis of the clingfilm in which the samples were wrapped. 相似文献
870.