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901.
In Norway, as in many other high-cost OECD countries in a geographical and cultural periphery, policy-makers seem to have
given up attempts at attracting large numbers of foreign R&D investments. Instead, a major focus of innovation policies is
to help companies internationalise yet with an aim to maintain or even increase their level of R&D and other innovation activities
nationally. Based on case studies of eight Norwegian companies and their motives for and experiences with internationalisation
of R&D, this article questions this policy. From the perspective of the companies, many factors explain how, why and where
they carry out their R&D activities.
相似文献
902.
Elsje Bonthuys 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(2):249-260
The main issue in the Masiya judgment was whether the current South African definition of rape—namely non-consensual penetration of a vagina by a penis—should
be extended to include anal penetration of both female and male victims. The majority of the Constitutional Court held that
anal penetration of female victims should constitute rape, but declined to offer similar protection to male victims. This
note argues that this judgment reverts to and reinforces patriarchal stereotypes and dichotomies and that it misunderstands,
in a profound way, central concepts such as sex and gender and the gendered nature of rape. It further suggests that, instead
of being an aberration, the judgment actually fits into a pattern of conservative judgments about gender and sexuality by
the South African Constitutional Court. 相似文献
903.
904.
Mathis Fister 《Juristische Bl?tter》2011,133(9):560-571
Der Grundsatz des § 74 Abs 1 AVG, wonach jeder Beteiligte die ihm im Verwaltungsverfahren erwachsenden Kosten selbst zu bestreiten
hat, führt in modernen verwaltungsbeh?rdlichen Verfahren nicht selten zu unbilligen Ergebnissen. Desgleichen haften den Regelungen
über den Ersatz von Kosten verfassungsgerichtlicher und verwaltungsgerichtlicher Verfahren Defizite an. Ausgehend von diesem
Befund untersucht der Beitrag die Leistungsf?higkeit der geltenden Kostentragungsregelungen, zeigt Spannungsverh?ltnisse zu
verfassungsrechtlichen und unionsrechtlichen Vorgaben und Reformbedarf auf und mündet schlie?lich in den Vorschlag einer Neukonzeption
des Kostentragungssystems im ?ffentlichen Recht. 相似文献
905.
906.
Laura Onofri 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2009,28(2):149-161
In this paper, we focus on the institutional setting where Old Masters’Paintings (OMP) markets transactions are carried. We
develop a preliminary attempt to embody legal provisions in econometric, hedonic pricing models. We consider a particular
regulation applicable only in Italy, the “export veto” for art objects that are particularly relevant for the national cultural patrimony. We proxy such legal provision in order
to include it in the statistical analysis and to check whether it affects the OMP price differentials between pre-auction
estimated price and post-auction hammer price. Preliminary results show that the price differential is affected by the legal
variable, therefore suggesting that the country’s institutional framework plays an important role in price dynamics. 相似文献
907.
Juliann Emmons Allison 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2005,5(4):405-414
Deregulation and the combined threats of energy crises and global warming concern nations around the world, yet these issues
continue to be addressed more directly by domestic regulatory systems than by international institutions. The present analyses
of the integration of distributed sources of power generation (DG) into California’s electric utility system suggests that
domestic environmental dilemmas with international repercussions provide an obvious entrée for global environmental policy
specialists into the practice of environmental policy-making and law. Here I review current scholarship on policy networks
that illuminates the contributions that technical and policy experts can make to such networks surrounding environmental issues.
I then introduce the key members of California’s “clean DG” policy network that emphasizes the role of academic experts in
this influential political system, and discuss how my own research has impacted the development of the state’s DG policy.
I conclude that scholars are well positioned to observe and engage domestic and international environmental policy networks,
and thereby also to influence environmental politics and law. 相似文献
908.
909.
Megan H. Bair-Merritt William C. Holmes John H. Holmes Jamie Feinstein Chris Feudtner 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(5):325-332
We sought to determine whether intimate partner violence (IPV) risk factors differed depending upon the presence of children
in the home, and to estimate the annual prevalence of IPV first in the general population and then in homes with and without
children. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional random sample of 6,836 women in southeastern Pennsylvania interviewed by
telephone in 2004. The magnitude of association between IPV and risk factors varied between homes with and without children
for women’s alcohol problems (with children, odds ratio (OR) 7.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9, 20.9; without children,
OR 2.4; 95% CI 0.9, 6.0), and mental health problems (with children, OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.8, 8.9; without children, OR 3.0; 95%
CI 1.6, 5.7). Poverty was significantly associated with IPV only in homes without children (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.9, 7.2). Annual
IPV prevalence was 1.2% overall, 1.4% in homes with children, and 1.1% in homes without children. One in 63 children lived
in a home with IPV. Differences in IPV risk factors in homes with and without children suggest distinct underlying IPV mechanisms
or consequences in these contexts. 相似文献
910.
Summary We are entering a new era where the demands for quality will include higher expectations of faculty, students, and practitioners.
Now is the time for action and decision. Criminal justice education has rapidly matured; rather than being complacent about
the progress we’ve made, we should take the lead and become acknowledged as pacesetters for high educational standards. Recommendations
for improving the quality of higher education must be considered with sincerity and diligence. The capability for excellence
is present in the conscientious faculty residing in each and every criminal justice program. With proper nurturing and support,
these faculty would flourish and this excellence come into full bloom. Furthermore, the task of achieving quality education
in all fields will not and must not fall to one group for action. We are faced with the necessity of bringing all factions
together—teacher, administrator, student, and practitioner—to develop and implement solutions to today’s education problems,
not as a last resort, but in recognition of change as a constant reality. The time for change is always now. 相似文献