孤残儿童家庭寄养政策研究

孤残儿童家庭寄养政策是我国近年来探索社会福利社会化改革中的一项重要尝试。这种新型的孤残儿童照顾模式,一方面体现了“以儿童为中心”的照顾理念,另一方面,又能整合社会资源,实现社会福利的社会化。     

Contesting Professionalism: Legal Aid and Nonlawyers in England and Wales

Professions are granted a form of cartel that enables them to charge more than would arise in a free market on the assumption that they provide better quality and are more trustworthy than free-market actors would be. The theoretical assumption that lawyers are more competent than nonlawyers has given rise to significant formal protections for professions in many jurisdictions. Two testable propositions arise from this theory: (1) lawyers cost more, but (2) they deliver higher quality. It is a testing of these twin propositions that is the subject of this article, with well-triangulated data and a deeper understanding of the theoretical differences between lawyers and nonlawyers.     

试论善的理念是政治社会的合法性基础

拥有幸福生活始终是人类孜孜以求的一个社会理想。本文试图从古典的哲学思想出发寻找政治社会存在的道德基础。以道德为基础的政治社会体现了人的政治生存向度,需要人们把它作为各种规范的核心观念才能有约束力,才能使社会关系和谐有序地发展,从而实现“自然主义”和“人道主义”的统一。     

国际核不扩散体制的困境与出路

2006年核扩散与反扩散斗争空前激烈,伊朗民用核问题升温及朝鲜核试引起人们对国际防扩散体制行将崩溃的担忧。更深层的问题是,围绕民用核开发的国际斗争在全球传统能源告急的大背景下日益白热化,并导致核扩散内涵的不断深化与拓展,而以《不扩散核武器条约》为核心的国际防扩散体制漏洞进一步凸显,美国的单边主义及大国协调对此均显力不从心。探求有效的防扩散体制,确立面向未来的核秩序,要求国际社会制定出综合、全面、彻底的长效之策。     

The Effect of Negotiation Practices on the Relationship between Suppliers and Customers

This article examines the effects of negotiation practices, such as coercion and contract formality, on how suppliers and customers perceived the resulting business relationship. We conducted a purchasing negotiation simulation with students in a classroom setting in which participants competed for resources in a mock supply-chain context. The participants were surveyed at key stages of the ongoing negotiation in order to measure their behaviors as a customer–supplier relationship developed. The data were used to test several hypotheses developed from the marketing and purchasing literature. The hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Results demonstrated that the use of coercive techniques by negotiators during negotiation had a negative effect on satisfaction. In addition, the findings showed that, as expected, negotiators entering a negotiation with a cooperative orientation would tend to avoid the use of coercive practices during negotiation. The cooperative orientation also exhibited an unexpected positive effect on the formalization of the design of the contract between the parties. This study contributes to the current knowledge base focusing on the creation of agreements between companies and will, we hope, encourage the integration of suppliers and customers in an operating context within a supply-chain setting.     

户外运动与青少年全面发展

国家与国家前途与未来的竞争,是综合国力的竞争,是人的竞争,从一定意义上讲也是青少年一代综合素质的竞争。本文认为,有组织、有计划地在青少年群体中推广在户外环境中开展的以集体实践活动为主要形式,以包括定向越野、郊游、野外露营、野外生存能力训练、野外物种及自然知识的学习考察、户外社会实践和各类体能拓展为主要内容的青少年户外运动,对提高青少年综合素质、促进青少年全面发展具有重要的战略意义。     

Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.