The influence of foreign direct investment on contracting confidence in developing countries

This paper examines whether foreign direct investment (FDI) influences confidence in commercial contracts in developing countries. While the research on how host countries’ policy environments encourage FDI inflows has flourished, scholars have paid less attention to how the policy environment and local actors’ beliefs might, in turn, be affected by FDI. This is surprising because multinational enterprises are well‐recognized political and economic actors across the world. We expect that their increasing economic salience will influence the policy environments in which they function. By employing an innovative measure of property rights protection – contract‐intensive money – we examine how foreign direct investment influences host countries’ contract‐intensive money ratio in a large panel time series of both developed and developing countries from 1980 to 2002. Our analysis suggests that higher levels of FDI inflows are associated with greater confidence in commercial contracts and, by extension, the protection of property rights in developing countries.     

中国基础研究投入的协调机制——以医学领域重大原始创新为例的探讨

基础研究重大原始创新需要科研人员持续的艰苦研究才能取得,而持续稳定的资金支持是科研人员开展持续研究的前提条件.因此建立合适的基础研究资助模式是国家能够不断取得原始创新的重要保证,对国家长期发展战略的实施具有更为重要的意义.以2000年-2006年基础医学领域国家自然科学奖获奖项目为样本,分析了当前我国基础研究资助模式对重大原始创新产生的影响.结论是:我国基础研究资助两大版块,"科学基金体系"和"国家科学计划"之间的协调在基础医学领域内重大原始创新的取得过程中发挥了一定的作用,即国家自然科学基金打基础,"973""863"出成果.但两个资助体系内部却存在一定的问题,主要表现为科学基金体系内各种基金尚存在较严重的门户之见,以及"国家科学计划"板块在我国基础研究投入中所占比例过高.     

宪政经济学的兴起、建构及其意义

作为研究规则间选择与规则下选择的经济学,宪政经济学源于新政治经济学的复兴以及对福利经济学和凯恩斯主义的反思.宪政经济学的实现手段从元规则模型到方法体系的建构.为治理政府失灵和政府悖论架起了一条"元规则"的再造之路.尽管在当前的政府治理实践中人们对完政经济学存在争议,但它创新了经济学的研究方法,拓宽了经济学的研究视角,丰富了经济学的研究主题,为各国解决政府问题提供了启示.     

Universities and State Policy Formation: Rationalizing a Nanotechnology Strategy in Pennsylvania

Technology‐based economic development programs have become a salient feature of the state policy landscape since the 1980s. While much research exists on the topic, little attention has been given to the processes of policy formation. State programs have moved towards high technology areas emphasized at the federal level over the past decades, and nanotechnology became one of the latest targets. This paper examines the eight‐year process through which Pennsylvania adopted a “state‐wide strategy,” culminating in the Pennsylvania Initiative for Nanotechnology. In this process, programs that responded to the interests of multiple agents came first, and a state policy was formulated after the fact. This pattern of “rationalized policy formation,” as opposed to rational policy formation, may be more common than suspected. Its strengths and weaknesses in this Pennsylvania case are discussed.     

论现代埃及女权运动的兴起

20世纪早期,埃及伊斯兰改革主义和民族主义推动了女权运动的兴起,伊斯兰传统文化制约着女权主义的内涵,第一代女权主义者的才智和奋斗精神,推动着埃及社会的进步.     

中国新闻出版业向东盟“走出去”发展研究

中国新闻出版业向东盟"走出去"极具重要性,但当前存在受文化差异影响较大、出版单位文化创新能力较差、人才缺乏和认识上的不足等方面的问题。在政策支持进一步加强、中国—东盟自由贸易区建成等有利条件下,应充分响应国家相关政策,增强向东盟"走出去"的主动性;发挥广西的平台作用,增强新闻出版整体实力;增强新闻出版业"走出去"的能力;加强新闻出版人才培养;为新闻出版业"走出去"提供法律和机制保障。     

欧盟对科索沃政策的演变

“科索沃独立”是2008年国际政治中的一件大事,其引发的争议和产生的影响极其深刻。科索沃的独立进程主要由内部动力驱动,但外部力量的作用也不容忽视,欧盟作为科索沃争端的主要调停者,其政策演变对科独立产生的影响尤值得加以研究。     

巴西土地分配改革的政治经济学探究

“金砖四国”之一的巴西,近年来取得了举世瞩目的经济发展成就。与此同时,和大多数发展中国家一样,它的经济改革面临着巨大的挑战。农村土地问题就是其中之一。巴西国土面积851万平方公里,其中耕地面积多达国土面积的7．6％。恰恰是在这样一个土地富饶的国家,大多数农民无地可耕。巴西的土地持有结构高度集中,土地基尼系数几乎达到0．9——极少数人拥有几乎所有的土地。     

The political economy of global firms from India and China

This article attempts to build a bridge between contemporary studies of global firms from emerging economies and existing theories in comparative political economy. It argues that given the primacy of the state as an economic actor in developing countries, the variety of capitalism literature could provide a theoretical foundation for firm-level analyses of emerging market multinationals. For example, the authors suggest that China and India may be moving towards a ‘hybrid market economy’. They also offer a typology of Indian and Chinese corporates to demonstrate an empirical approach to analysing domestic business–government relationships and the ways in which these firms are shaped by the peculiarities of their respective institutional setting. Finally, they identify some of the likely pitfalls of doing cross-national comparisons of emerging market multinationals, particularly with respect to the reliability of corporate data.