细菌分型的分子生物学技术研究进展

回顾了传统细菌分型方法的重要作用,并重点介绍了近年发展得比较成熟的脉冲凝胶电泳(PF-GE)、低频限制性切割位点聚合酶链式反应(IRS-PCR)、随意扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)、扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)、多位点酶电泳(MLEE)和多位点测序分型(MLST)等6种用于细菌分型的分子生物学技术的原理、特点以及应用情况,指出了其他细菌分型技术,如ARDRA、SSCP、DGGE、TGGEI、S等的不足,对基因芯片技术和实时PCR在细菌分型上的应用潜力进行了展望。     

Economic Interdependence and the Balance of Power

To account for variance in great powers responses to threats and the implications for the peacefulness of the international system since the late nineteenth century, this article elucidates a theory which refines and synthesizes economic liberal perspectives and realist balance of power theory. I argue that different patterns and levels of economic interdependence in the great power system generate societal-based economic constraints on, or incentives for, state leaders of status quo powers hoping to mobilize economic resources and political support to oppose perceived threats. This mobilization process influences strongly the preferences of status quo powers, other states beliefs about those preferences, and the interpretation of signals in balance of power politics. In this way, economic ties influence the strategies great powers pursue. Firm balancing policies conducive to peace in the international system are most likely, I then hypothesize, when there are extensive economic ties among status quo powers and few or no such links between them and perceived threatening powers. When economic interdependence is not significant between status quo powers or if status quo powers have strong economic links with threatening powers, weaker balancing postures and conciliatory policies by status quo powers, and aggression by aspiring revisionist powers, are more likely. I then illustrate how these hypotheses explain the development of the Franco-Russian alliance of the 1890s and its effectiveness as a deterrent of Germany up to 1905, British ambivalence toward Germany from 1906 to the First World War, the weakness of British, French, Soviet, and American behavior toward Germany in the 1930s and World War II, and the American and European responses to the Soviet threat, including the NATO alliance, and the "long peace" of the post-1945 era.     

物权变动过程的重构

本文从法律体系的逻辑严密性和现实的价值判断的双重目标出发,重新构造了物权变动的模式。认为物权变动过程是一个有机的过程,除承认区分原则外,还要承认物权合意的客观存在,物权合意以债权行为为基础,切充斥于整个物权变动过程。又从微观的角度以无权处分、所有权保留、不当得利为视角,分析了新型物权变动模式的价值判断。     

Court Awards of Damages for Loss of Future Earnings: An Empirical Study and an Alternative Method of Calculation

This article examines the effect upon damages for personal injury of methods used in the United States of America to calculate loss of future earnings. The work of lawyers is examined from the perspective of labour economists. The damages calculated by using these alternative methods are compared with those actually awarded in over a hundred cases determined by courts in England and Wales. This interdisciplinary and comparative study reveals that the tort system fails to satisfy one of its main objectives in that it does not provide recipients of damages with 'full' compensation.     

US Military and Economic Intervention in an International Context of Low-intensity Conflict

Recent major shifts in US military thinking, creating a new low-intensity conflict (LIC) doctrine, have resulted already in significant changes in organization, mission definition, force structure and budgetary allocation. These changes have come about because American leadership recognizes that the process of deindustrialization has produced a vulnerable, highly integrated and interdependent global economic system. This system of economic rationalization is susceptible to anti-western disruptions because of the instability produced by rapid social change, a consequence of the competition from the newly industrialized nations. LIC capability is viewed as a necessary means for dealing with disruptions.