Gemeinsames Wohnen von Ehegatten – Beweisfragen

Gem § 90 ABGB sind die Ehegatten (ua) auch zum gemeinsamen Wohnen verpflichtet. Von diesem (typischen) Bild einer aufrechten Ehe darf die Beh?rde (auch im Verwaltungsverfahren nach dem AlVG) grunds?tzlich in freier Beweiswürdigung ausgehen, solange nicht die Parteien eine davon abweichende Lebensführung behaupten und die erforderlichen Beweismittel beibringen.     

Rechtsbezeugende Beurkundung eines mündlich abgeschlossenen (Bestand-)Vertrages in einem späteren Schriftstück

Ein zuvor mündlich abgeschlossener Bestandvertrag kann durch narrative Erw?hnung in der Pr?ambel eines schriftlichen Anbots (zur Vertrags?nderung) rechtsbezeugend beurkundet werden; Gebührenpflicht hiefür tritt ein, wenn das schriftliche Anbot dem Anbotempf?nger ausgeh?ndigt wird.     

Die Eigentümergemeinschaft nach WEG ist nicht Schuldner der Klagenfurter Kanalgebühr

Nach der Klagenfurter Kanalgebührenverordnung sind es – auch bei Wohnungseigentum – die Miteigentümer, die die Kanalgebühr (zur ungeteilten Hand) schulden.     

Issue Definition, Information Processing, and the Politics of Global Warming

Past research has proposed various macrolevel theories of issue definition and agenda setting. However, we propose a microlevel theory of issue definition rooted in how individuals process information. We theorize that people process information about policy issues through a filter that emphasizes past assessments, ideology, background, social cues, and the continuing intrusion of new information. Most of these factors lead individual issue definitions toward stability. However, the introduction of an information signal of appropriate magnitude and character can produce punctuations in issue definition by individuals through time. Since the macrolevel definition of an issue is a type of aggregation of individual definitions, understanding how individuals define issues becomes a precursor to understanding issue definition at the system level. In evaluating the theory, we develop and evaluate a survey to study the issue definition process for individuals across multiple issues, and for global warming specifically. The survey also includes two embedded experiments to demonstrate the potential for punctuation in the issue-definition process for individuals and the system.     

Small firm membership in national trade associations

• Business associations play a significant role in private–public interactions by aggregating company interests and relating these to political decision makers. Associations are particularly important for smaller firms, which generally do not have the resources to pursue political strategies independently. This paper discusses the question of what the motives are for small and medium‐sized firms to maintain their membership in national trade associations at a time when the European business environment is undergoing profound changes. Using the example of the Netherlands, it is argued that associational membership is determined foremost by political considerations. The implication of this conclusion is that national business associations continue to perform an important function in mediating business–government relations. Despite the internationalization of public decision making, these organizations remain important intermediaries for corporate public affairs.
• 1 We would like to thank two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vertragsübernahme (betreffend Bestandvertrag) – Bestandvertrags- (und nicht Zessions-)gebühr

Wird in einer von allen drei Beteiligten unterschriebenen Urkunde iZm einem Bestandvertrag ausdrücklich festgehalten, dass es sich um eine befreiende ("privative") Schuldübernahme durch den Neumieter handelt, so ist das beurkundete Rechtsgesch?ft als Bestandvertrag (und nicht als Zessionsvertrag) zu vergebühren.     

Support for the environment post-transition? Material concerns and policy tradeoffs

Though many individuals are aware of the need to address environmental concerns, fewer are willing to pay for climate action or think the environment should be a priority for government spending. One compelling reason is that they prioritize using scarce resources to address immediate material concerns. This is particularly likely for individuals facing absolute material scarcity or for those who think they are relatively economically worse off, especially in contexts characterized by rapid transformation and volatility in the levels and quality of social welfare provision. To test these expectations, we analyze survey data from formerly Communist economies, which today find themselves with vastly different fortunes. Empirical findings suggest that absolute and relative material scarcity affect opinions regarding government spending on, and the willingness to pay more for, environmental action. However, willingness to pay more for government public services, inclusive of anti-poverty initiatives, has an impact on willingness to pay more for climate action, but in counter-intuitive ways. Overall, the results appear to suggest that explicitly addressing and relating individual living standards and inequality with environmental concerns may expand support for climate action.