A New Frontier in Development? The use of cause-related marketing by international development organisations

This paper examines cause-related marketing (crm) initiatives where the purchase of a product by a North American consumer triggers a donation from a corporation to an international development organisation. crm is quickly gaining in popularity within the non-profit sector. It is now a common means for raising funds and awareness and as such has been deemed a ‘new frontier in development aid’ yet this ‘new frontier’ has received little academic attention outside of the business management and marketing literatures. The paper extends these literatures using insights from development studies. This approach is used to analyse empirical research on the use of crm by development-focused organisations in North America. The paper argues that the crm model raises particular challenges within international development that require further analysis. These challenges include the coupling of development funding to consumption and the simultaneous marketing of products and development causes as a means of awareness raising.     

Bionomics of two forensically important blowfly species Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) reared on four types of diet

The use of heterogeneous animal tissues for the rearing of necrophagous insect species can produce uneven biological data, which can compromise the determination of larval age and, consequently, estimates for post-mortem intervals. We investigated the development of two species, Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), reared on four substrates: minced beef (control) and semi-synthetic diets with the addition of sardine, rumen or chicken eggs. No differences in total developmental times were detected among larvae reared on different diets. Length and width of larvae were partially affected by the type of food. Third instar larvae and pupae of both species were heavier on beef treatment when compared with other substrates. Overall mortality was lower when beef was used as food. Longevity of adults and sex ratio were not negatively affected by the use of diets. Egg-based diet was the least effective for both species. Given the fact that several bionomical parameters of larvae reared on diets were close to those obtained when minced beef was offered, and considering the putrid odour, frequency of contamination and lack of homogeneity of animal tissue, semi-synthetic diets can be used for rearing C. megacephala and C. putoria.