Crime Reporting Decisions and the Costs of Crime

The paper develops a model of crime reporting based on an economic approach. It identifies the principal costs and benefits of reporting from the victim’s perspective, taking account of insurance provision and the risk of intimidation by an offender. It shows how a victim might use backward induction to infer a rational reporting strategy. The recording of crime by the police is a process that relies on victim reports, and is thus influenced by the reporting decisions made by victims. The paper uses empirical evidence from the British Crime Survey and from the International Crime Victims Survey to explore the hypotheses generated by the model. It finds support for the suggestion that the propensity to report a crime increases with the size of the loss entailed. The paper also explores the implications of the findings for the estimation of the costs of crime. Reporting and intimidation costs are generally excluded from bottom-up estimates of costs, an omission that may be quite serious in the context of offences such as domestic violence.     

Further observations on the speed of death in hanging

Given that most fatal hangings are suicidal and occur in locations that have been selected to conceal this activity (thus maximizing the chances of a lethal outcome), there has been very little corroboration of the speed with which unconsciousness and death may occur. A 35-year-old male is reported who committed suicide by hanging immediately after talking to his spouse. Police investigations confirmed her reliability as a witness indicating that lethal anoxia in this case had occurred within a very short time (most likely in less than 1 min) of suspension. The speed with which death may result from hanging not only gives an insight into fatal pathophysiological mechanisms, but also provides useful information for situations where a lethal outcome is to be avoided, or is not intended. For example, individuals at risk of suicide who are being monitored in institutional facilities need to be constantly under direct visual surveillance as significant hypoxia can be rapidly induced, parents and caregivers with infants and children in potentially unsafe sleeping environments need to realize how swiftly death or irreversible anoxic brain damage may occur from neck compression, and those who engage in recreational asphyxia should be informed just how quickly a fatal outcome may ensue.     

The Abuse Disability Questionnaire: Internal Consistency and Validity Considerations in Two Samples

Comparative psychometric information on the Abuse Disability Questionnaire (ADQ), given to women who were receiving services from domestic violence shelters, was presented. The total score of the ADQ and its subscale scores for Relationship Disability, Life Restriction, Psychological Dysfunction, and Health Status Issues demonstrated adequate internal consistency across two shelter samples. Further construct validation was evidenced by the relationship found between self-esteem and impairment, and also between prior abuse and impairment. Additional research to establish the utility of the Abuse Disability Questionnaire as a research and/or clinical instrument was proposed.     

ROYAL WRIT AND BRITISH RESIDENCY IN THE SULTANATE OF BRUNEI: A FLUID PARTNERSHIP

The aim of the article is to explore and illustrate some “dynamics of transition” across some six decades of British protection of the Brunei Sultanate, 1906-1967, with particular reference to the interaction of traditional administration and the new system of governance of a Residency, especially in the part of Tutong district that was home to the Dusun/Bisaya ethnic minority.     

BOOK REVIEWS

General

Modernizing Peasant Societies. A Comparative Study in Asia and Africa. By Guy Hunter. London, Oxford University Press (for the Institute of Race Relations), 1969. Pp. xi + 298. Tables. Bibliog. Index. £2.

The Politics of Foreign Aid in India. By P. J. Eldridge. London, Weidenfeld &; Nicolson, 1969. Pp. xx + 187. Appendices. Notes. Bibliog. Index. £3.

The Role of Land Reform in Economic Development. A Case Study of Taiwan. By Anthony Y. C. Koo. New York, Praeger; London, Pall Mall, 1968. Pp. xvii + 125. Tables. Notes. Bibliog. Index. £5.20.

The Persian Land Reform 1962–1966. By Ann K. S. Lambton. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1969. Pp. xiii+366. Tables. Glossary. Index. £4.20.

Language &; literature

A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. By Yuen Ren Chao. University of California Press, 1968; London, IBEG, 1969. Pp. xxxi + 847. Bibliog. Index. £7.15.

A First Course in Literary Chinese. By Harold Shadick, with the collaboration of Ch'iao Chien. Cornell University Press, 1968; London, IBEG, 1969. 3 vols. Pp. 888. Maps. Indexes. £5.25.

The Etymologies of 3,000 Chinese Characters in Common Usage. By Chang Hsuan. University of Hong Kong Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1969. Pp. 960. Indexes. £7.00.

Beginning Korean. By Samuel E. Martin and Young‐Sook C. Lee. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1969. Pp. xxix + 575. Vocabularies. $8.75 or £3.95 (paperback; also available in cloth).

Three Mughal Poets. Mir, Sauda, Mir Hasan. By Ralph Russell and Khurshidul Islam. London, Allen &; Unwin, 1969. Pp. xxii + 290. Map. Bibliog. Glossary. Index. £2.40.

Ghalib, 1797–1869. Vol. 1: Life and letters. Translated and edited by Ralph Russell and Khurshidul Islam. London, Allen &; Unwin, 1969. Pp. 404. Frontispiece. Bibliog. Index. £3.50.

The World of Premchand. Selected stories of Premchand, translated by David Rubin. London, Allen and Unwin, 1969 (for UNESCO). Pp. 215. Glossary. £1.75.

War

History of the Second World War: The War Against Japan. Volume V. The Surrender of Japan. By Major‐General S. Woodburn Kirby. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1969. Pp. 599. Maps. Illus. Index. £6.30.

Korea: 1950–1953. By Edgar O'Ballance. London, Faber &; Faber, 1969. Pp. 171. Maps. Index. £1.80.

The Suez Expedition 1956. By Général d'Armée André Beaufre, translated by Major‐General Richard Barry. London, Faber and Faber, 1969. (Editions Bernard Grasset, 1967.) Pp. 161. Maps. Illus. Index. £2.

The Siege. By Russell Braddon. London, Jonathan Cape, 1969. Pp. 353. Illus. Maps. Bibliog. £1.9.

Kut: The Death of an Army. By Ronald Millar. London, Secker &; Warburg, 1969. Pp. 323. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £3.75.

Six Battles for India. The Anglo‐Sikh Wars: 1845–6, 1848–9. By George Bruce. London, Arthur Barker, 1969. Illus. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £2.25.

The Coming War between Russia and China. By Harrison E. Salisbury. London, Secker and Warburg, 1969. Pp. 200. Maps. £2.50

The First Afghan War. By Lady Sale. Edited by Patrick Macrory. London, Longmans, 1969. Pp. xix + 186. Maps. Frontispiece. Appendices. Index. £2.10.

Last Post at Mhow. By Arthur Hawkey. London, Jarrolds, 1969. Pp. xii + 196. Illus. Index. £1.75.

Plassey: The Founding of an Empire. By Michael Edwardes. London, Hamish Hamilton, 1969. Pp. x + 209. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £2.10.

Islam, Turkey, middle east

Early Muslim Architecture. I. Umayyads: A.D. 622–750. By K. A. C. Creswell, with a contribution on the Mosaics of the Dome of the Rock and of the Great Mosque at Damascus, by Marguerite Gautier‐van Berchem. 2nd edition, in 2 parts. Clarendon Press: Oxford University Press. 1969. Pp. xlv + 684. 141 plates + 690 text illustrations. £36.

Paintings from. Islamic Lands. Essays by D. Barrett and others. Edited by R. Pinder‐Wilson. (Oriental Studies, 4). Oxford, Bruno Cassirer, 1969. Pp. 204. 131 illus. £2.75.

Arabs, Islam and the Arab Caliphate in the early Middle Ages. By E. A. Belyaev. Translated from the Russian by Adolphe Gourevitch. New York and London, Praeger: Pall Mall, 1969, £3.75.

The Young Turks. The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908–1914. By Feroz Ahmad. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1969. Pp. 205. Bibliog. £2.50.

Politics and Government in Turkey. By C. H. Dodd. Manchester University Press, 1969. Pp. xvi + 335. Bibliog. Index. £3.25.

Anatolia I: From the beginnings to the end of the 2nd millennium B.C. By U. Bahadir Alkim. London, Barrie and Rockliff: the Cresset Press, 1969. Pp. 279. Map. Illus. Index, Bibliog. £3.

A Modern History of Syria including Lebanon and Palestine. By Dr. A. L. Tibawi. London, Macmillan, 1969. Pp. 433. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.

The Russian Presence in Syria and the Holy Land 1843–1914: Church and Politics in the Near East. By Derek Hopwood. Oxford University Press, 1969. Pp. viii + 232. Bibliog. Index. £2.50.

Republican ‘Iraq: A Study in ‘Iraq Politics Since the Revolution of 1958. By Majid Khadduri. Oxford University Press for the RIIA, 1969. Pp. xii + 318. Map. Index. £3.

Arab Historians of the Crusades. Translated from Arabic by Francesco Gabrieli and from Italian by E. J. Costello. London, Routledge, with University of California and Artemis of Zurich, 1969, Pp. xxxvi + 362. Bibliog. Index. £2.50.

Makers of Arab History. By Philip K. Hitti. London, Macmillan, 1969. Pp. 268. Maps. Index. £2.75.

The British in the Middle East. By Sarah Searight. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, Pp. xvi + 215. £3.50.

Central Asia

Central Asia. By Gavin Hambly with Alexandre Benningson, David Bivar, Hélène d'Encausse, Mahin Hajianpur, Alastair Lamb, Chantal Lemercier‐Quelquejay and Richard Pierce. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969. Pp. 388. Illus. Bibliog. Maps. Index. £4.20.

Afghanistan: Some New Approaches. George Grassmurk, Ludwig W. Adamec, and Frances H. Irwin, editors. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, 1969. Pp. 405. Chronology. Bibliog. No price.

Tibet. By Thupten Jigme Norbu and Colin Turnbull. London, Chatto and Windus, 1969. Pp. 362. Illus. £2.50.

From the Land of Lost Content. The Dalai Lama's Fight for Tibet. by Noel Barber. London, Collins, 1969, Pp. 224. Map. Bibliog. £1.50.

Prolegomena to Lamaist Polity. By Nirmal Chandra Sinha. Foreword by Hugh Richardson. Calcutta, Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay, 1969. Pp. xi + 92. R.20.

Indian sub‐continent

Himalayan Frontiers. By Dorothy Woodman. London, Barry and Rockliff, The Cresset Press, 1969. Pp. 423. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £4.50.

History of Firuz Shah Tughluq. By J. M. Banerjee. Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1967. Pp. x + 228. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 20.

Classical India. Edited by William H. McNeill and Jean W. Sedlar. (Readings in World History, Volume 4). Oxford University Press, New York, 1969. Pp. 201. £0.65.

Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India. By R. S. Sharma. Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass. 2nd Edition, 1968. Pp. 337. Biblio. Index. Rs. 20.00.

Kingship in Northern India. (circ. 600 A.D.‐1200 A.D.). By Ram Charita Prasad Singh. Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 1968. Pp. 151. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 15.00.

The Transition in Bengal, 1756–1775. A Study of Saiyid Muhammad Reza Khan. By Abdul Majed Khan. Cambridge University Press, 1969. Pp. xv + 376. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £4.25.

British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance. By David Kopf. University of California Press (London, IBEG), 1969. Pp. 324. Bibliog. Index. £4.05.

Lord Northbrook's Indian Administration, 1872–1876. By Edward C. Moulton. London, Asia Publishing House, 1969. Pp. 313. Map. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £2.50.

Superior Person: A Portrait of Curzon and his circle in late Victorian England. By Kenneth Rose. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969. Pp. 475. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £3.75.

The Viceroy's Wife. Letters of Alice, Countess of Reading, from India, 1921–35. By Iris Butler. London, Hodder &; Stoughton, 1969. Pp. 110. Illus. Index. £2.25.

John Morley at the India Office, 1905–1910. By Stephen E. Koss. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1969. Pp. 231. Bibliog. Index. £3.80.

Politics and Administration in the Local Councils. A study of Union and District Councils in East Pakistan. By M. Rashiduzzaman. London and Karachi: Oxford University Press 1969. Pp. 124. Tables. Index. Bibliog. 90 np.

Judicial Control of Administrative Action in India and Pakistan. By M. A. Fazal. London, OUP, 1969. Pp. xxxv + 345. Bibliog. Index. £4.

India and the League of Nations. By D. N. Verma. Patna, Bharati Bhawan, 1968. Pp. 350. Index. Bibliog. Rs. 30.00.

From Zamindar to Ballot Box: Community Change in a North Indian Market Town. By Richard G. Fox. Cornell University Press, 1969. Pp. 302. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £1.90.

Bureaucrats under Stress. Administrators and Administration in an Indian State. By Richard P. Taub. University of California Press; London, CUP, 1969. Pp. 235. Tables. Bibliog. Index. £3.25.

Shri Ram. A Biography. By Khushwant Singh and Arun Joshi. London, Asia Publishing House, 1968. Pp. 240. £1.50.

Student Unrest in India. By Aileen D. Ross. Montreal &; London, McGill‐Queen's University Press, 1969. Pp. 301. Bibliog. Indexes. $12.50. £5.62.

Government Archives in South Asia. A Guide to the National and State Archives in Ceylon, India and Pakistan. Edited by D. A. Low, J. C. Iltis and M. D. Wainwright. London, Cambridge University Press, 1969. Pp. xiii + 355. £4.25.

Origins of Trotskyism in Ceylon. A Documentary History of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, 1935–1942. By G. J. Lerski. Stanford, Cal.: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University, 1968. 288 pp. Index, Paperback, $2.85.

Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, with Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Ceylon. Vol. 2: Megapodes to Crab Plover. By Salim Ali and S. Dillon Ripley. London, OUP, 1969. Pp. xiv + 345. Illus. Maps. Index. £4.40.

Birds of Kerala. Second edition of The Birds of Travancore and Cochin. By Salim Ali. London, OUP, 1969. Pp. xxii + 444. Illus. Maps. Index. £4.00.

Southeast Asia

War, Peace, and the Viet Cong. By Douglas Pike. Cambridge, Mass., and London, MIT Press, 1969. Pp. 186. Figures. Tables. Index. £2.80.

The Peasants of North Vietnam. By Gérard Chaliand. Preface by Philippe Devillers. Translated by Peter Wiles. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1969. Pp. 244. Maps. Tables. Bibliog. 35p.

Selected Articles and Speeches. By Ho Chi Minh. Edited by Jack Woddis London, Lawrence &; Wishart, 1969. Pp. 172. 52p.

Loosely Structured Social Systems: Thailand in Comparative Perspective. By John F. Embree and others. Edited by Hans‐Dieter Evers. Yale University, Southeast Asia Studies, 1969. Pp. 148. Tables. Bibliog. $6.50.

Burma and General Ne Win. By Maung Maung. London, Asia Publishing House, 1969. Pp. 332. Ilus. Bibliog. Index. £3.25.

Indians in Malaya. Some Aspects of their Immigration and Settlement (1786–1957). By Kernial Singh Sandhu. Cambridge University Press, 1969. Pp. xxiv + 346. Illus. Maps. Tables. Glossary. Index. £6.

Indians in Malaysia and Singapore. By Sinnappah Arasaratnam. Oxford University Press, 1970. Pp. xiii + 169. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £1.25.

China, Manchuria, Korea

What Mao Really Said. By Philippe Devillers. Translated by Tony White. London, Macdonald, 1969. Pp. 317. Bibliog. Index. £1.50.

Great Britain and the Taipings. By J. S. Gregory. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969. Pp. xvi + 271. Bibliog. Index. £2.50.

While China Faced West. American Reformers in Nationalist China 1928–1937. By James C. Thomson, Jr. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1969. Pp. 310. Bibliog. Index. $7.95.

Kidnapped in London. By Sun Yat Sen. Reprinted, with a Foreword by Kenneth Cantlie. London, China Society, 1969. Pp. xii 134. Illus. £1.25.

The Economic Development of Manchuria in the First Half of the Twentieth Century. By Kungtu G. Sun &; Ralph W. Huenemann. Harvard and OUP, 1969. Pp. 124. Maps. Tables. Bibliog. Glossary. Index. £1.70.

Korea: Democracy on Trial. By John Kie‐chiang Oh. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1968. Pp. xiv + 240. Map. Tables. Bibliog. Index. £3.80.

Japan, Philippines

A Diplomat in Japan. By Sir Ernest Satow. Oxford University Press, 1968. Pp. xii + 427. Illus. Glossary. Index. £4.50.

Britain and Japan, 1858–1883. By Grace Fox. Oxford University Press, 1969. Pp. 627. Maps. Illus. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £5.50.

The New Generation in Meiji Japan. By Kenneth B. Pyle. Stanford University Press; London, OUP, 1970. Pp. 240. Bibliog. Index. £3.75.

Japan Unmasked. By Ichiro Kawasaki. Rutland, Vermont, and Tokyo, Charles E. Tuttle, 1969. Pp. 231. £1.90.

The Philippines. By Raymond Nelson. London, Thames &; Hudson, 1968. Pp. 192. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £1.75. The Philippines. By John Cockcroft. London &; Sydney, Angus &; Robertson. 1969. Pp. 128. Illus. £2.62.