The Janus Face of Europeanisation: Explaining Cross-Sectoral Differences in Public Utilities

Although policymakers have sought to liberalise network-based utilities, a more detailed look at privatisation pathways reveals remarkable sector-specific differences. This article examines why efforts to privatise public utilities have differed so greatly in the telecommunications, postal, and railway sectors. By estimating probit models, it is demonstrated that firm characteristics and sector-specific EU integration account for cross-sectoral differences in privatisation. More specifically, governments dispose of the most efficient firms first to maximise revenues from privatisation sales with low political costs. Regulations at the European level pushed governments to privatise their national postal providers, while privatisation in the telecommunications sector is a global trend. In the railway sector, exceptional clauses and regulations have decelerated privatisation.     

Budgetary politics in the federal republic of Germany

The purpose of this article is to advocate a more careful approach towards the analysis of the factors that are decisive for the comparative evaluation of system performance and the reasons given for output variations. Using budgetary politics in the Federal Republic of Germany as an example, it is argued that the majority of the ‘Does politics matter?’ literature is oversimplifying reality by overlooking the institutional variable.     

R&D Venture: proposition of a technology transfer concept for breakthrough technologies with R&D cooperation: A case study in the energy sector

At times when the market demands strong active innovation, large industrial corporations with established R&D organizations benefit from screening and developing breakthrough innovation. The ability of established organizations to absorb for future technologies is a key to successfully recognize, explore and capture breakthrough innovations. R&D Venturing is a practical way of bringing about technology transfer and exploration of future technologies through R&D cooperation, which is described in this paper by a multiple case study in the energy sector. Existing literature has been reviewed and an R&D Venturing concept will be suggested with a number of propositions for implementation. The results of the case study strongly support that different perspectives of the concept from industry, academia and the ventures themselves have to be carefully understood. Based on the results of the case study, a conceptual framework and propositions for a successful implementation have been derived. A critical discussion of the R&D Venturing concept shows the need for further empirical investigation.     

Implementing Developmental Screening Programs for Infants and Toddlers in the Child Welfare System

In 2003, revisions to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act required states to develop plans to refer children younger than 3 years of age with a substantiated case of abuse and neglect for developmental screening. A decade after legislation was passed, its implementation varies considerably across states. This article explains how research informs the need for careful developmental monitoring of young children, especially those experiencing trauma or living under stressful conditions. Finally, this article presents how one community used colocation to increase developmental screenings for young abused and neglected children.     

Constitutional courts as promoters of political centralization: lessons for the European Court of Justice

A cross-section analysis covering up to 42 countries and including the usual control variables shows that central government outlays as a share of general government outlays are significantly larger if the judges of the constitutional or supreme court are independent of the federal government and parliament and if the barriers to constitutional amendment are high. This evidence is consistent with the view that constitutional judges have a vested interest in centralization or that there is self-selection or both. These insights are used to draw lessons for the reform of the European Court of Justice. Self-selection should be reduced by requiring judicial experience—ideally with the highest national courts. The vested interest in centralization could be overcome by adding a subsidiarity court.     

Sensitivity to befallen injustice and reactions to unfair treatment in a laboratory situation

At Time 1, 171 students were administered questionnaires for measuring sensitivity to befallen injustice (SBI), trait anger, anger in, anger out, anger control, self-assertiveness, and attitudes toward principles of distributive justice (equality of chances, equity). Two months later (Time 2), 75 of these subjects were treated unfairly in a laboratory situation dealing with competition and achievement behavior. Two justice principles were violated: the equality of chances principle and the equity principle. Four weeks later (Time 3), 32 subjects evaluated the unfair treatment in retrospect. All three occasions were presented as independent studies with the subjects perceiving no connection between them. In line with our hypotheses, we found that immediate and delayed reactions to the unjust treatments depended to a considerable degree on SBI. For example, the combined score of the SBI questionnaire predicted, with a beta weight of .71, a combined rating of three experts who used various sources of objective information (e.g., tape-recorded interactions between subject and experimenter) to estimate the degree to which the subject displayed emotional, verbal, and behavioral resentment against the unfair treatment. At the same time, measures for other constructs (e.g., assertiveness, trait anger, anger expression), which can also be linked theoretically to the criteria, explained either none or a much smaller proportion of variance in reactions to unjust treatment.     

Der Fall Bautzen: Eine Netzwerkanalyse zur Entstehung digitaler Öffentlichkeiten

In autumn 2016, refugees and followers of the political right were caught up in a violent conflict in the Saxon town of Bautzen. The paper analyses how this event was discussed in the digital public. On the basis of Bruno Latour’s relational sociology it carries out a quantitative network analysis in order to understand the structural dynamics of Twitter as a discursive arena. It appears that the political debate of the event develops from unconnected partial publics via antagonistic battles of opinion up to closed echo chambers. In the case of Bautzen, Twitter works like a megaphone: the technology doesn’t contribute to intersubjective understanding but facilitates the distribution of personal constructions of reality.     

Une nouvelle approche dans la formation des administrateurs publics: I'Ecole nationale d'administration publique†

Sommire. L'Ecole nationale d'administration publique tente depuis deux ans line expérience d'étroite collaboration entre le gouvemement et l'université. Fondée en 1969 en vue de la formation et du perfectionnement des administrateurs publics de niveau supérieur, elle a mis sur pied un programme de maîtrise en administration publique de 16 mois destinéà de futurs cadres administratifs et se propose de lancer bientôt divers programmes de perfectionnement à l'in-tention des fonctionnaires en exercice, notamment ceux des cadres supérieurs. Elle s'intéresse aussi è la recherche appliquée, éant donné son désir d'utiliser des cas concrets dans l'enseignement. L'orientation initiale de l'Ecole a été dictee par un souci profond dadapter l'enseignement aux besoins réels des milieux administratifs. Elle prend pour acquis gue ce n'est pas à l'âge où l'on poursuit habitueilement des études univer-sitaires que l'administrateur peut vraiment recevoir une formation complète et définitive. Cela signifie que l'Ecole s'adresse essentiellement non pas à des étudiants encore plus ou moins indécis quant à leur orientation de carrière mais à des professionnels en exercice parmi lesquels on aura identifié ceux qui sont le plus susceptibles d'obtenir des promotions. L'observation de la réalité en effet révéle la tendance à ce que la plus grande partie des cadres supérieurs soient désonnais recrutés parmi les professionnels de toute discipline qui ont déjà poursuivi une carrière spécialisée et qui, ayant manifesté des aptitudes administratives, sont à la veille de subir une réorientation de carrière. Cette considération ne peut manquer d'influencer le chok des élèves, qui est très sélectif, de même que la composition des programmes qui doivent tenir compte de la diversité des formations antérieures et les méthodes pédagogiques inspirées des techniques de l'éducation des adultes. Le choix des professeurs est aussi inspiré de ces caractéristiques de l'enseignement. L'Ecole préfère utiliser des ressources empruntées à l'extérieur (université et fonction publique) plutôt que d'avoir un personnel permanent nombreux. EUe préfère recourir aux services de praticiens plutôt que de théoriciens, ce qui ne l'empêche pas d'utiliser les services d'universitaires mais qui ont eu, autant que possible, des contacts avec le milieu de travail gouvernemental. Le statut de l'institution a aussi son originalité. L'ENAP est me éole supérieure faisant partie du réseau de l'Université du Québec. Elle est autonome à la fois par rapport am autres constituantes de l'Université et par rapport au gouvernement du Québec. Elle entretient toutefois, étant donné sa vocation, des relations privilégiées avec celui-ci, tout en ouvrant ses portes auX autres types dadministrateurs, venant du gouvernement fédéral, des collectivités locales, des régies, commissions, etc. Abstract. For the past two years, l'Ecole nationale dadministration publique has been attempting an experiment involving close co-operation between government and university. Established in 1969 for the purpose of training and professionally improving public administrators at senior level, the School designed a 16-month program leading to a master's degree in public administration for the benefit of future executives; it intends to launch shortly various improvement programs meant for officials ahead), in service, particularly higher officials. The School is also interested in applied research, as it intends to use concrete cases as part of its educational methods. The School's initial orientation was prompted by a deep concern for adapting training programs to the actual needs of the administrative sector. It takes for granted that the administrator cannot truly receive complete and definite training at the age when university studies are usually pursued. This implies that the School is essentially meant not for students who are still more or less undecided as to their vocational choice, but for professionals already in the field, among whom those most likely to be promoted have been identified. Realistic observatiom effectively show a trend whereby most executives will, in future, be recruited among professionals in every discipline who have already pursued a specialized career and who are about to have their career reorientated because of their administrative aptitudes. Such a consideration necessarily influences the choice of students, which is very selective, as well as the preparation of programs, which must take into account the diversity of previous trdining and the educational methods inspired by techniques of continuing education. The selection of teachers is also inspired by such teaching characteristics. The School prefers to call on personnel resources borrowed from the outside (university and Civil Service) rather than to employ a large permanent staff. It prefers the services of people in the field to those of theoreticians, which does not exclude university personnel as long as, in so far as possible, they have had contacts with government and its working environment. The institution also has unique status. The ENAP is a school of advanced studies and is part of the University of QuBbec network. It is aiitonomotis both with regard to the other components of the university and with regard to the Québec government. With the latter, nevertheless, it maintains privileged relationships by virtue of its position. The School also opens its doors to other types of administrators from the federal government, local communities, boards, commissions, and so on.     

A welfare analysis of the EC‐ACP sugar protocol

The Sugar Protocol, laid down in the Convention of Lome, has been an established instrument of commodity policy for nearly 20 years. Its basic rule is that the EC imports at guaranteed prices specified quantities of sugar from ACP countries. It is the objective of the article to provide an economic evaluation of the Sugar Protocol. Impacts on prices, trade, export earnings and economic welfare are elaborated. The Sugar Protocol's impacts on the level and instabilty of sugar export earnings are jointly evaluated by computing transfer and risk benefits along the lines of Newbery/Stiglitz. A major conclusion is that the policy has to be evaluated differently from the donor's and the recipient's point of view. The Sugar Protocol induces international income transfers that are untargeted in terms of per capita income. It causes, however, rather strong risk benefits compared with other instruments of international commodity policy and sizeable welfare gains for individual recipient countries.