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861.
C. Phillips A. Salas J.J. Snchez M. Fondevila A. Gmez-Tato J. lvarez-Dios M. Calaza M. Casares de Cal D. Ballard M.V. Lareu . Carracedo The SNPforID Consortium 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2007,1(3-4):273-280
Tests that infer the ancestral origin of a DNA sample have considerable potential in the development of forensic tools that can help to guide crime investigation. We have developed a single-tube 34-plex SNP assay for the assignment of ancestral origin by choosing ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) exhibiting highly contrasting allele frequency distributions between the three major population-groups. To predict ancestral origin from the profiles obtained, a classification algorithm was developed based on maximum likelihood. Sampling of two populations each from African, European and East Asian groups provided training sets for the algorithm and this was tested using the CEPH Human Genome Diversity Panel. We detected negligible theoretical and practical error for assignments to one of the three groups analyzed with consistently high classification probabilities, even when using reduced subsets of SNPs. This study shows that by choosing SNPs exhibiting marked allele frequency differences between population-groups a practical forensic test for assigning the most likely ancestry can be achieved from a single multiplexed assay. 相似文献
862.
Peter Rackow 《Criminal Law Forum》2007,18(1):175-183
863.
James C. Spilsbury Lara Belliston Dennis Drotar Allyson Drinkard Jeff Kretschmar Rosemary Creeden Daniel J. Flannery Steve Friedman 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(6):487-499
This study assessed the associations of characteristics of domestic violence incidents with clinically significant levels
of traumatic symptoms and behavioral problems in a socio-economically and ethnically mixed sample of 687 children participating
in a community-service program for children witnessing violence. Study predictors included child/family demographic characteristics,
type and chronicity of exposure, and child’s perceptions of control over the event and threat to personal safety. Outcomes
consisted of traumatic symptoms and behavior problems. Results showed that perceived threat and control were associated with
greater odds of clinically significant levels of several trauma symptoms (and behavior problems in the case of perceived threat)
after adjusting for effects of demographic factors and violence characteristics. Child co-victimization increased odds of
reaching clinically significant levels of traumatic symptoms compared to children who witnessed the event but were not victimized.
Female sex and White ethnicity increased odds of specific trauma symptoms and behavior problems. Increasing age reduced odds
of some trauma symptoms. Associations between predictors and one outcome measure did not generalize across the other outcome
measure. Implications of study findings, and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
864.
865.
V A Klevno 《Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza》1991,34(1):3-8
The article deals with study of some patterns of long spongy rib bone destruction in static and dynamic load of thorax. Model of bone destruction is suggested. Multiple microfissures preceding formation of complete bone destruction were detected in border areas with fracture. They have peculiar mosaic depending on load conditions. Microfissure localization in relation to osteon structure of rib cortical lamina was stated. The results of investigations may have theoretical and applied value both in medicolegal and clinical traumatology. 相似文献
866.
Martin Guevara Urbina 《Critical Criminology》2007,15(1):41-99
With few exceptions, prior explanations of racially disparate punishment have followed a dichotomous approach (i.e., African
American versus Caucasian), due in part to the limitations of existing data. Researchers have either excluded Latino/a, defendants
or treated them as a monolithic group. Consequently, there is not much on Latinos/as, whose experiences with the criminal
and juvenile justice systems differ from those of African American and Caucasian. This article expands on current literature
by providing a thorough overview of existing literature on Latino/as. It critiques this body of literature and lists ten common
methodological flaws that may contribute to findings of equal treatment. Finally, it provides a concise summary of the main
subgroups within the umbrella term ‘Latino/a’ to highlight the heterogeneity within this classification. 相似文献
867.
868.
Recent interest in the construct of motivation to change among male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) has led
to development of two self-report measures of this construct: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment for Domestic
Violence (URICA-DV; Levesque et al. 2000) and the Safe at Home Inventory (SAH; Begun et al. 2003). We examined the internal
structure of these instruments using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses in a sample of 199 male IPV perpetrators
waiting to begin court-mandated batterer intervention programs. Results indicated that the scales had adequate internal consistency.
However, using confirmatory factor analyses, the hypothesized structural models of each instrument fit the data poorly. Subsequent
models suggested by a series of exploratory factor analyses failed to improve model fit substantially for both scales. For
the URICA-DV, a 3-factor model including items from the Precontemplation, Contemplation, and Action subscales fit the data
adequately. No acceptable model fit could be found for the SAH. Intercorrelations among similar subscales across the two inventories
suggested only a modest degree of intercorrelation (r’s = 0.16–0.52), and a factor structure more dependent on scale of origin than item latent content, suggesting that the scales
assess different facets of the readiness to change construct. These results suggest that before the stages of change construct
can be fully applied to the IPV area, more research and evaluation are needed on how to accurately assess abuser readiness
to change. 相似文献
869.
870.
V. Castella M.-L. Morerod N. Robinson M. Saugy P. Mangin 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2007,1(3-4):281-282
Endogenous and exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) present in urine can be distinguished according to their isoelectric profiles. This methodology requires urine samples to be concentrated about 200 to 1000 times with manipulations that should remove most of the cells occurring in the original sample. In this study, we tried to obtain DNA profiles from 10 ultrafiltered urines (retentates) in order to evaluate whether a formal genetic identification was technically feasible. No nuclear DNA profiles could be established from retentates, despite 34 PCR-cycles amplifications. Contrastingly, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiles were obtained for 9 out of the 10 retentates. Apart from some particularities, retentate mtDNA profiles were all distinct and matched mtDNA profiles of corresponding reference samples. 相似文献