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Ronald Weitzer 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1999,32(1):83-102
In the past two decades there has been little critical examination of the prevailing methods of controlling prostitution in
the United States. This article examines selected problems in the control of prostitution in the United States and critically
assesses three major alternatives to the prevailing policy of criminalization. Alternative approaches are evaluated using
the criteria of public preferences, efficient use of criminal justice resources, and harm reduction. One policy, involving
a dualistic approach, is found to be superior in satisfying these criteria.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Dawn L. Rothe Jeffrey Ian Ross Christopher W. Mullins David Friedrichs Raymond Michalowski Gregg Barak David Kauzlarich Ronald C. Kramer 《Critical Criminology》2009,17(1):3-13
Research and theorizing on state crime has come to play an important role in the fields of criminology and criminal justice
for understanding the worst of crimes: those of powerful state agencies and agents. Since William Chambliss’ (1989) ASC presidential address, scholars of state crime have made advances in theoretical modeling and analyzing core enactment
and etiological factors of crimes of the state (e.g., Barak 1991; Friedrichs 1998; Grabosky 1989; Kauzlarich and Kramer 1998; Kramer and Michalowski 2005; Kramer et al. 2005; Michalowski and Kramer 2006; Mullins and Rothe 2008a, b; Pearce 1976; Ross 1995, 2000; Rothe 2009; Rothe and Mullins 2006, 2008). Nonetheless, the study of state crime still has a long way to go before it ever reaches the magnitude or legitimacy afforded
to the study of traditional street crime. It is with this in mind that several leading scholars of state criminality have
come together and reevaluated the state of state crime and the ways in which the field must move forward. This kind of inventory,
where scholars examine the past, present and future of the field, is not without precedent. For example, almost a decade ago
(Ross et al. 1999) explored the difficulty of conducting state crime research and made a series of recommendations on how it could be improved.
Nearly 7 years later (Rothe and Friedrichs 2006) re-evaluated the state of state crime and called for more attention to those beyond US crimes of the state and include crimes
of globalization and also international controls such as the International Criminal Court (Friedrichs and Friedrichs 2007; Rothe and Mullins 2006; Rothe et al. 2006, 2008). Since that time, there has been substantial movement by scholars of state crime in these other areas, yet, as we note,
there still remains key issues that need to be addressed and overcome: it is with this that we again revisit the field of
state crime.
We wish to thank all of those that contributed to our discussions and thoughts during the American Society of Criminology
Roundtable on State Crime I and II, November 2007.
相似文献
Jeffrey Ian RossEmail: |
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Research Summary Attention to gang issues has dramatically increased in the last several decades, both in the scholarly literature and in law enforcement. Despite widespread attention to the gang problem, researchers, police officers, and lawmakers have yet to agree on definitions used to characterize and understand the problem. This article summarizes the existing literature concerning the importance of accurately defining and classifying gang members, documents and analyzes state and federal gang legislation in the United States, and provides a detailed analysis of one state's system that might serve as a useful model for other states. Policy Implications Serious risks to public safety and civil liberties are associated with Type 1 and Type 2 classification errors regarding gang membership. The wide variation in state statutory definitions of “gang member” and in the construction and administration of gang databases presents major challenges for policymakers and academic researchers. This article addresses these challenges and argues that a more rigorous and unified system, based on one state's existing model, might be possible and could offer significant advantages in our efforts to address the delinquent and criminal behavior of gangs throughout the United States. 相似文献
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Despite the fact that patients with mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are commonly encountered in clinical practice, there are numerous myths surrounding their diagnosis, assessment, and outcome. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the more common myths related to mild TBI including: (a) there is no Miserable Minority; (b) meta-analytic studies have proven that patients with mild TBI do not experience persistent deficits; (c) personality tests can reliably capture psychological problems in patients with a mild TBI; (d) findings from the sports concussion literature can be directly applied to clinical patients; and (e) in the absence of loss of consciousness, the diagnosis of a mild TBI is uncertain. 相似文献
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