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171.
Self-reported suicidal behavior and attitudes toward suicide in psychology students are reported and compared in Ghana, Uganda, and Norway. Small differences only were found in own suicidal behavior. However, experience of suicidal behavior in the surroundings was more common in Uganda than in Ghana and Norway. Although differences were found between the three countries in attitudes toward suicide, which emphasizes the need for culture-sensitive research and prevention, many of the differences were not as big as expected. The most pronounced difference was that the Norwegian students were more reluctant to take a stand on these questions compared to their African counterparts. Some differences were also found between the two African countries. The implications of the results for suicide prevention in Africa are discussed. 相似文献
172.
One of the most noted phenomena in social and political decision-making is the occurrence of a framing effect. For example,
on problems involving risky choices, individuals tend to act risk-averse when the problem is framed in terms of gains (e.g.,
saving lives, making money) and risk-seeking when the same problem is instead framed in terms of losses (e.g., deaths, losing
money). Scholars have begun to identify the processes underlying framing effects as well as the conditions under which framing
effects occur. Yet, extant work focuses nearly exclusively on cognitive processes, despite growing recognition of the importance
of emotion in general decision-making tasks. In this paper, we explore the impact of emotional states on risk attitudes and
framing. We find that emotions significantly influence both individuals’ tendencies to take risks and the impact of a frame
on risky choices (e.g., emotions amplify or depress a frame’s impact). The precise role of emotions depends on the problem
domain (e.g., a life-death or a financial decision), and the specific type of emotion under study. Moreover, in contrast to
much work in political science, we show that emotions need to be distinguished beyond their positive or negative valence,
as different negative emotions exert opposite effects. Our results accentuate the importance of integrating emotions into
research areas traditionally dominated by more cognitive perspectives.
相似文献
Rose McDermottEmail: |
173.
Paul R. Smokowski Caroline B.R. Evans Roderick Rose Martica Bacallao 《Journal of school violence》2020,19(4):566-578
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the efficacy of School-Based Teen Courts (SBTCs) using a rigorous experimental trial with 24 middle- and high-schools randomly selected to receive SBTCs (n= 12) or to business-as-usual without any SBTC program (n = 12). Analyses examined school-level longitudinal growth models and individual-level pretest-posttest comparisons on school climate, student problems, and suspension rates. Longitudinal growth models revealed that SBTCs were significantly associated with positive changes in school satisfaction and reductions in delinquent friends for high school students, but showed no significant changes on other outcomes. Short-term suspensions decreased more than twice as much in SBTC schools versus comparison schools. There was a 47% reduction in bullying victimization in SBTC schools relative to a 22% reduction in comparison schools. These findings suggest that SBTCs have the potential to positively impact youth development. 相似文献
174.
ABSTRACT This article will explore the work of Chrystal Macmillan, who used her knowledge of the law to further the cause of women’s equality through her committee work with several voluntary organisations, and her presentations to the British Government, the League of Nations, and the International Labour Office. Using archival material, both from committee minutes and family anecdotes, we will show the substantial amount of voluntary work undertaken by Chrystal Macmillan both before and after she became a practising lawyer in 1924. The article will also try to capture something of the woman’s character through the comments of her friends and colleagues. 相似文献
175.
Rose Saikayasit Alex W. Stedmon Glyn Lawson 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2013,28(2):162-170
This paper presents work conducted as part the ‘Shades of Grey’ (EP/H02302X/1) research project that aims to develop scientific interventions for the detection of suspicious behaviors in public spaces. To provide an understanding of security and counter-terrorism work in different contexts the project adopted a human factors approach as part of a program of user requirements gathering exercises. These activities focussed on the needs of different end-users and stakeholders, ranging from frontline security personnel, managers and strategic security policy makers. By taking a user-centred approach, the discipline of human factors can be integrated into the security/counter-terrorism domain to support the design of practical security solutions. This paper presents a case study investigation using data collected from three security agencies. Common themes are explored, ranging from ‘the importance of temporal measures’ to ‘enhancing positive user experiences’. These factors are discussed in relation to the practical application of human factors methods within security research. 相似文献
176.
One hundred and seventy five undergraduates (105 females) read a fictional criminal trial summary of a parricide case in which the juvenile defendant alleged sexual abuse or physical abuse or did not allege abuse. An allegation of either type of abuse led to a greater likelihood of a manslaughter conviction than a murder conviction and greater pro-child ratings (e.g., sympathy toward the defendant) compared to no abuse allegations. Specific evaluations of the defendant mediated the verdict results. In addition, there was no support for the claim that perceptions are more heinous for sexual abuse than physical abuse allegations and only limited support that perceptions for this type of case result in women being more pro-child defendant than men. The discussion focuses on how abuse allegations impact jurors' decision-making processes in parricide cases. 相似文献
177.
178.
Jonathan Rose 《The Journal of legal history》2013,34(2):101-128
This article pursues two themes. First, it argues that there is a commonality between the general interest in the past, the interest of historians, and the interest of legal historians. Second, it shows that several ideas about the past commonly appear in all three contexts. In pursuing these themes, the article begins by reviewing the initial study of the past and the emergence of history and legal history in academia. It explores the various reasons why the early historians and later academic historians and legal historians studied the past and the different ways in which they used it. The article then pursues in more detail the development of Anglo-American legal history as a scholarly tradition. It identifies three types of academic legal history: classical, liberal, and critical, and discusses their natures and different uses of the past. Finally, the article explores the substantial legal history scholarship and its relevance to scholars who are not legal historians. The article concludes by stressing the importance of studying the legal past. 相似文献
179.
Netherlands International Law Review - 相似文献
180.