中国共产党执政生态系统的变革能力分析

回顾90年余的发展历史，中国共产党之所以能够由弱变强、由小到大．成为领导中国革命、建设和改革开放事业从胜利走向胜利的执政党，究其原因是其善于对自身的执政生态系统进行变革，在与其他党派的竞争中保持了系统性、整体性、严密性和先进性优势，使党的学习能力、创新能力、组织结构、体制机制与党在各个不同时期的目标任务和经济社会发展要求相适应。党执政生态系统的变革不仅有内因、外因的制约，而且政党政治发展的客观规律也是一个重要的因素。     

提高党的制度建设科学化水平

以科学制度来规范党的建设，要求全党始终坚持民主集中制这个根本组织原则，实现党的建设的制度化、规范化、程序化，并在党建工作中正确掌握原则性和灵活性相结合的工作方法。     

难民与安曼城市发展探析

难民是国际热点问题。第二次世界大战后,安曼城市发展常常遭遇周边国家周期性的难民潮影响。由于约旦政府在难民安置和保护上的相对宽松政策,使其周边国家特别是巴勒斯坦、伊拉克的许多难民来此寻求保护,约旦首都安曼首当其冲成为难民的积聚地。难民不仅与城市发展安全、经济安全密不可分,而且在很大程度上影响着城市人口结构、城市规划与城市生活状况。安曼难民的走向与约旦政府、国际社会政策紧密相连。     

我国刑事立法现状视域下的共犯的处罚根据

共犯的处罚根据理论是德日刑法当中热议的话题,被称为“犯罪论的试金石”.现在,责任共犯论与不法共犯论已经逐渐退出了历史舞台,关于共犯的处罚根据的讨论主要是在惹起说内部展开的.只有与我国关于共犯的立法现状相联系,才能得出哪一种理论适合我国的司法实践的结论.修正惹起说正是在这样的前提下是可能的.同样,支持修正惹起说并不一定说明在整个犯罪论体系当中应当采纳结果无价值论的立场.     

强奸罪与嫖宿幼女罪的关系

如何理解奸淫幼女型强奸罪与嫖宿幼女罪的关系,刑法理论存在多种解释方案。在立法论上,可以从两罪法条竞合但刑罚轻重失序的角度展开修法必要性的论证。在解释论上,无论是将两罪解释为法条竞合进而主张“重法优于轻法”或者主张想象竞合犯而“从一重罪处罚”,在法理上都难以自洽。较为妥当的解释方案是,缺乏有效同意是强奸罪的构成要件要素,具备有效同意则是嫖宿幼女罪的构成要件要素,因此两罪是互斥关系。同意效力判断的关键在于幼女是否属于具备性同意能力的卖淫幼女。这不仅能够合理说明类法益对刑法章节设置的指导意义,而且有利于维持保护幼女与保障人权之间的平衡。     

不能犯判断标准之我见

近年国内一些学者开始对传统刑法学将不能犯作为未遂的类型之一的观点进行质疑,使不能犯成为理论界关注的问题。而笔者亦认为有严格区分未遂犯和不能犯的必要,故试图采用比较分析法,结合国内外关于不能犯的理论进行比较研究,建议我国采用具体危险说为标准区分不能犯和能犯未遂的界限,以实现刑法的社会保护机能和社会保障机能。     

LC—MS／MS法测定蓝色圆珠笔油墨中的碱性染料

目的建立蓝色圆珠笔油墨中碱性染料的LC—MS／MS方法,为蓝色圆珠笔油墨的种类鉴别提供方法。方法用二级质谱寻找并确定结晶紫、甲基紫、维多利亚蓝B、碱性紫14、碱性蓝7和罗丹明B等碱性染料的特征性母离子／子离子对。收集50种蓝色圆珠笔．划线后对其笔道用0．5mm直径打孔器取样,乙腈超声提取。液相分离采用WatersXBridgeC18柱。流动相为0．1％甲酸缓冲液（A）-乙腈（B）,梯度程序洗脱。结果4个点的取样量足以满足检测需要,采用相对峰面积的定量方法．结果重现性好．RSD％≤2．3％。应用该方法对50种蓝色圆珠笔油墨中的碱性染料进行检测,区分率为94．4％。结论所建LC—MS／MS方法定性准确,定量可靠,为蓝色圆珠笔油墨的种类鉴别提供了方法。     

Growth of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) Maggots in a Morgue Cooler*

Abstract: In estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) using maggots obtained during autopsy, the forensic entomologist makes decisions regarding the effects of low‐temperature storage of the body on the insects. In this case report, a corpse was found in an abandoned house in the residential area of Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaysia. The maggots were found to be alive inside the mouth of the deceased although the corpse had been in the morgue cooler for 12 days. The maggots were reared and identified as Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius). The emerged adult flies were kept as a stock colony, and the duration of development under the indoor fluctuating temperature regime was studied. The total duration of developmental process of this species was 9.5 ± 0.5 days, and the PMI estimated was 3.2 ± 0.6 days. This case report demonstrates the survival of Ch. megacephala maggots for 12 days and their growth inside the morgue cooler.     

Rent dissipation when rent seekers are budget constrained

In the original Tullock (1975, 1980) game, an individual bidder's probability of winning with a bid b is proportional to b^R, where the exponent reflects economies of scale in rent seeking. Different interpretations can be given to these probabilities. First, one may view R as a reflection of the political culture. Alternatively, one may view R as a choice variable for a politician. Intuition suggests that a society with a high tolerance for the selling of political favors and politicians who are receptive to rent seeking would both induce greater rent-seeking expenditures than other societies, all else equal. This paper shows that a lower value of R can actually lead to more rent dissipation than a higher value. This paper also reinforces two points concerning rent seeking. First, the analysis confirms the robustness of under-dissipation of rents, even in the face of entry. Second, it points out the importance of distinguishing between rent-seeking expenditures and rent dissipation. When bidders must borrow, for example, total expenditure may understate rent dissipation.