Police prejudice as a function of training and outgroup contact

A longitudinal study investigated prejudice among 412 New South Wales (Australia) police recruits. Recruits were tested on Beswick and Hills' (1972) Australian E scale and Ray's (1972) Balanced F scale at recruitment, after 6 months' full-time academy training, and after 12 months' police experimence. It was found that over the period of academy training recruits became less authoritarian but did not vary on ethnocentrism. Over the field experience stage recruits became both more ethnocentric and authoritarian. Further, recruits sent to districts with large Aboriginal populations became significantly more ethnocentric but no more authoritarian than other recruits. At a theoretical level, results suggest that police attributes may develop as a function of particular policing experiences. At an applied level, results suggest that training alone is unlikely to overcome the problem of police prejudice.     

An Awesome Decade of Growth-and Fallacy

正China is rapidly approaching its once-in-a-decade change in president and government,which seems an appro-priate time to survey the country’s economic performance over the last decade.     

Das einheitliche Bestandverhältnis

Bei Vorliegen eines Bestandverhältnisses und gleichzeitiger oder nachfolgender Inbestandnahme eines weiteren Objektes stellt sich die Frage, ob zwei getrennte Vertragsverhältnisse oder ein einheitliches Bestandverhältnis vorliegen. Diese Frage ist zB für das Vorliegen der Zulässigkeit der Aufkündigung der Objekte relevant, die im Fall eines einheitlichen Bestandverhältnisses im Allgemeinen nur einheitlich erfolgen kann, sowie für die Mietzinsbildung und das Vorliegen des Kündigungsschutzes des MRG. Die Kriterien, die die Rsp für die Beantwortung der Frage, ob ein einheitlicher Vertrag oder zwei gesonderte Verträge vorliegen, aufstellt und welche Rechtsfolgen sich im Einzelfall daraus ergeben, werden hier kurz dargestellt.     

Fatalities Due to Indigenous and Exotic Species in Florida

Florida's climate is suitable for many potentially hazardous animals, including both indigenous and exotic species, which are frequently kept as in zoos or as pets. This has resulted in many unforeseen fatal encounters between animals and the ever expanding human population. While the literature and knowledge pool for more common types of deaths referred to medical examiner/coroner's offices is abundant, the appreciation of wildlife and exotic pet‐related deaths is far less widespread. We report seven animal attack‐related deaths that occurred in Florida. The inflicted injuries included blunt and sharp force injuries, asphyxia, drowning, and envenomation. The underlying cause of death, however, was always a result of the human/animal interaction and in many cases related to human error and failure to appreciate the potentially dangerous behavior of nondomesticated species. These cases illustrate the varied circumstances and pathophysiologies associated with deaths due to indigenous and exotic species and the importance of the multidisciplinary approach in the medicolegal investigation of these cases.