Immenga, Ulrich/Schwintowski, Hans-Peter/Seyfarth, Martin/Kummermehr, Michael (Hrsg.): Umwelt?konomie zwischen Recht und Politik

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The Norwegian Barents Sea Management Plan and the EC Marine Strategy Directive: Some Political and Legal Challenges with an Ecosystem-Based Approach to the Protection of the European Marine Environment

This article addresses some of the implications of the EU's proposed Marine Strategy Directive for ongoing work in the regional seas conventions and for national work on regional marine strategies. The starting point is the proposed directive's focus on the ecosystem approach to the protection of the marine environment. Key elements within this approach are analysed, such as integration of environmental considerations into other policy areas; introduction of ecological quality objectives; and establishment of holistic monitoring and assessment programmes. Is it possible to transform these concepts into legally binding obligations? What will the implications of the proposed directive be for the rights and obligations of EU Member States under international law? A Management Plan for the Norwegian Part of the Barents Sea ('Barents Plan') was adopted by the Norwegian Government in March 2006 and approved by the Norwegian Storting (Parliament) in June 2006. It provides an example of a concrete application of the concepts in the proposed directive. Based on an analysis of the proposed Marine Strategy Directive and the Barents Plan, some key political and legal challenges are discussed in this article.     

Die Zuteilungsregeln für die zweite Emissionshandelsperiode Teil 1: Industrie- vs. Energieanlagen

Die erste Emissionshandelsperiode geht am 31.12.2007 zu Ende, die zweite beginnt am 1.1.2008. Damit wird das System fortgesetzt, welches den Betrieb von CO2-emittierenden Anlagen an die Abgabe von Emissionshandelsberechtigungen knüpft. Diese Berechtigungen wurden in der ersten Handelsperiode vollst?ndig kostenlos von der Deutschen Emissionshandelsstelle beim Umweltbundesamt nach komplizierten Regelungen verteilt. Dabei wurde einheitlich ein Erfüllungsfaktor von 0,9709 zugrunde gelegt. Nach ihm richtet sich, in welchem Ma?e die einzelnen Anlagenbetreiber ihre Reduktionsverpflichtungen erfüllen müssen. Nunmehr wurden zwar die Regeln deutlich vereinfacht. Ein neuer fester Erfüllungsfaktor gilt aber nicht mehr nahezu fl?chendeckend, sondern nur noch für Industrieanlagen. Energieanlagen unterliegen einer in ihrer H?he noch ungewissen anteiligen Kürzung. Die Zuteilungsregeln für bis zum 31.12.2002 in Betrieb genommene Anlagen sind nunmehr von einer Zweiteilung zwischen Industrie- und Energieanlagen gepr?gt: Grandfathering einerseits, Benchmark-Ansatz andererseits. Allerdings gibt es auch Gemeinsamkeiten, n?mlich für H?rtef?lle, Kapazit?tserweiterungen und Kleinanlagen. Neu ist die teilweise Ver?u?erung.     

The view from below: Local government and Putin's reforms

Local government reforms in contemporary Russia are placed in the broader contexts of political reform under Putin and the historical relationship between local administration and the state. Reforms of local government thus help illuminate the architecture of contemporary state building in Russia and the degree to which contemporary Russia perpetuates political traditions. This study reviews the antecedent action in local government prior to the Putin era. It then examines the Kozak Commission and the new law on local government, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of these reforms. Finally, this study examines the challenges of implementing the reforms and what these challenges tell us about devolution and centralisation under Putin.     

Toxicological analysis of a fatal baclofen (Lioresal) ingestion

A fatality following ingestion of the drug baclofen (Lioresal) is described. Baclofen was identified in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. After derivatization with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, baclofen was quantitated in serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of baclofen was 17 mg/L in serum and 760 mg/L in urine collected approximately 12 h after the overdose. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported fatality involving a baclofen overdose. The previous case did not include quantitation of baclofen in any biological fluid.