不同日龄雏鸡对柔嫩艾美球虫早熟株卵囊的易感性及免疫力

对１,７和２５日龄鸡分别感染１０００个早熟柔嫩艾美球虫孢子化卵囊,感染１２０ｈ后,每２４ｈ收集粪便１次,进行卵囊计数,连续７ｄ,３种日龄鸡排卵囊总数分别为４６０．９,８０２．０和１４１７．７万个／只。感染后１４ｄ对１日龄和７日龄鸡的免疫组及相对应的２个不免疫对照组每只鸡攻击１００个柔嫩艾美球虫亲本株孢子化卵囊,攻毒１４４ｈ后,每２４ｈ收集粪便１次,进行卵囊计数,连续５ｄ,各组鸡的卵囊总量分别为４１．４,５．８和８９１．０,９７７．１万个／只。结果表明球虫卵囊对１日龄和７日龄雏鸡具有一定的感染力,分别占２５日龄雏鸡的３２．５％和５６．６％,与对照组相比,保护率分别为９５．４％和９９．４％。     

用先进行政文化引领城市文化建设

重视文化建设、提升文化品位,以文化品位来塑造城市形象、展示城市品牌,以文化氛围来凝聚人心、推动城市发展,已成为我国城市建设和发展的当务之急。在城市文化建设中,广大行政机关和公务人员是城市文化建设的重要主体之一,行政文化在城市文化建设中发挥着重要和独特的作用。要用先进行政文化引领城市文化建设。     

Social Pressure Mediates the Negative Impact of Guilt on Fair Allocation in Multi-Party Interactions

Previous research documents the negative effect of guilt on allocation behaviors in three-party dictator games. In these studies, guilty dictators gave more resources to their victims but fewer to third parties. We test whether this allocation behavior reflects greater social pressure from the victim in comparison to a third party (Experiment 1), and whether this pressure is reduced if a guilty dictator must take away resources as opposed to giving resources to the two players (Experiment 2). In two experiments, participants distributed 200 tokens in a three-party dictator game after an experimental manipulation of guilt in which participants learned they caused or did not cause their partner to lose a potential reward. In Experiment 1, dictators randomly assigned to the guilty condition reported more social pressure from the victims. Social pressure differences mediated the relationship between the experimental manipulation of guilt and the distribution of tokens between the dictator’s previous partner and another player. In Experiment 2, guilty dictators randomly assigned to take resources from the other two players reported more social pressure from the new player, and distributed the tokens more fairly between their previous partner and the new player in comparison to guilty dictators required to give resources to the other two players. Participants’ allocation behavior reflects social pressure from victims (created by feelings of guilt) and third parties (which depends upon whether game outcomes for other players are framed as rewards or costs).

     

Attrition in the RAND Health Insurance Experiment: a response to Nyman

In a prior article in this journal, John Nyman argues that the effect on health care use and spending found in the RAND Health Insurance Experiment is an artifact of greater voluntary attrition in the cost-sharing plans relative to the free care plan. Specifically, he speculates that those in the cost-sharing plans, when faced with a hospitalization, withdrew. His argument is implausible because (1) families facing a hospitalization would be worse off financially by withdrawing; (2) a large number of observational studies find a similar effect of cost sharing on use; (3) those who left did not differ in their utilization prior to leaving; (4) if there had been no attrition and cost sharing did not reduce hospitalization rates, each adult in each family that withdrew would have had to have been hospitalized once each year for the duration of time they would otherwise have been in the experiment, an implausibly high rate; (5) there are benign explanations for the higher attrition in the cost-sharing plans. Finally, we obtained follow-up health-status data on the great majority of those who left prematurely. We found the health-status findings were insensitive to the inclusion of the attrition cases.     

论死缓制度的立法完善

死缓制度在我国当前形式下具有不可或缺性。但现行死缓制度还存在如下缺陷:死缓的适用条件本身过于模糊;以死缓执行期间的故意犯罪作为死刑立即执行的条件不合理;对于死缓执行期间有无一般立功表现同等对待不合理;对于死缓犯在死缓执行期间既有故意犯罪又有重大立功表现未作规定;关于死缓变更为死刑立即执行的时间未明确规定;对于死缓犯的减刑、假释问题,发现漏罪的情况如何处理也未作规定。为此,提出如下立法完善建议:明确规定死缓适用的实质条件——不是必须立即执行的的范围;将死缓改判死刑立即执行的条件——故意犯罪作出严格限制;针对有无一般立功表现进行区别对待;对既有故意犯罪又有重大立功表现的情形作出合理规定;明确界定死缓变更执行死刑的时间;将死缓犯的减刑、假释纳入刑法规定当中;立法明确规定死缓执行期间发现漏罪情形的处理。     

论身份权请求权

身份权应当包括配偶权、亲权、亲属权和监护权四个方面的内容。法律对身份权的保护历史悠久,对身份权的民法保护包括赋予身份权人请求权、确认诉权和形成诉权三种方式。身份权并非典型的绝对权,其在对外的关系上具有绝对权的性质,在对内的关系上具有相对权的性质,故身份权人的请求权只能向身份义务人主张。因此身份权请求权应当分为两种,一种是针对身份义务人的请求权,一种是针对身份关系之外的第三人的请求权。     

Prevalence of Criminal Thinking among State Prison Inmates with Serious Mental Illness

To examine the prevalence of criminal thinking in mentally disordered offenders, incarcerated male (n = 265) and female (n = 149) offenders completed measures of psychiatric functioning and criminal thinking. Results indicated 92% of the participants were diagnosed with a serious mental illness, and mentally disordered offenders produced criminal thinking scores on the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) and Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified (CSS-M) similar to that of non-mentally ill offenders. Collectively, results indicated the clinical presentation of mentally disordered offenders is similar to that of psychiatric patients and criminals. Implications are discussed with specific focus on the need for mental health professionals to treat co-occurring issues of mental illness and criminality in correctional mental health treatment programs.     

大鼠心肌组织中microRNA和18S rRNA的降解与死亡时间的相关性

目的探讨大鼠死后心肌组织中microRNA和18S rRNA的含量变化与死亡时间的关系。方法将SD大鼠断颈处死后置于25℃室温、50%湿度的环境中,于死后不同时间提取心肌组织中总RNA。利用实时荧光定量PCR检测大鼠心肌组织中miR-1-2和18S rRNA的含量变化,结果用循环阈值(Ct值)表示,分析死亡时间与Ct值的关系,最终建立死亡时间推断的回归分析方程。结果大鼠死后120h内心肌组织中miR-1-2含量无明显变化,此后开始下降;而18S rRNA含量在96 h内逐渐增多,随后开始缓慢下降。大鼠死后不同时间18S rRNA的Ct值以及18S rRNA和miR-1-2的ΔCt值与PMI呈非线性相关,二次曲线拟合的R2值分别为0.9487、0.8072。结论 18S rRNA的Ct值和18S rRNA与miR-1-2的ΔCt值与PMI之间存在明显非线性关系,可以作为早期死亡时间推断的指标。     

陈云与新中国的钢铁工业发展

从建国初期直到改革开放之后,陈云都十分关心我国钢铁工业的发展,他参与制定了许多有关钢铁工业的重大决策,多次亲临钢铁企业展开调查研究,对我国钢铁工业的发展做出了巨大贡献。同时陈云在决策过程中还提出了许多精辟思想,这些思想对当今钢铁工业发展具有重要的现实指导意义。     

东盟5国入境中国旅游与进出口货物贸易关系的研究

东盟与中国贸易往来密切,且互为重要的旅游目的地。本文选取1995~2014年东盟5国入境中国游客量与进出口货物贸易额数据,进行相关性分析、协整检验、格兰杰因果检验,结果表明:入境游客量与进出口货物贸易额具有较高的相关性;东盟5国入境旅游分别与进口货物贸易额、出口货物贸易额存在长期均衡关系;东盟5国入境中国旅游与进出口货物贸易的因果关系受到滞后期的影响,在不同的滞后阶数下存在着不同的因果关系。