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631.
Peterson RS 《The American criminal law review》2000,37(3):1219-1238
632.
William G. Howell Patrick J. Wolf David E. Campbell Paul E. Peterson 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2002,21(2):191-217
This article examines the effects of school vouchers on student test scores in New York, New York, Dayton, Ohio, and Washington, DC. The evaluations in all three cities are designed as randomized field trials. The findings, therefore, are not confounded by the self‐selection problems that pervade most observational data. After 2 years, African Americans who switched from public to private school gained, relative to their public‐school peers, an average of 6.3 National Percentile Ranking points in the three cities on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. The gains by city were 4.2 points in New York, 6.5 points in Dayton, and 9.2 points in Washington. Effects for African Americans are statistically significant in all three cities. In no city are statistically significant effects observed for other ethnic groups, after either 1 or 2 years. © 2002 by the Association for Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
633.
Although the Australian party system is accepted in some literature as a "classic" example of a two-party system, information about how this system came about does not feature prominently in international studies on political parties. It is here argued that Australia indeed blazed the trail for the two-party model by being the first to link parliamentary organisation directly to a mass electorate. 相似文献
634.
Sandra Schrouder 《Development in Practice》2008,18(2):273-279
With a rapidly growing population and limited resources, accountability has taken on increased importance, especially in the area of public management. To assess the effectiveness of public spending on education in the Caribbean, this article compares performance in five Caribbean nations, looking at input indicators such as the teacher–pupil ratio, expenditure per pupil, the number of adequately trained teachers as a proportion of total teaching staff, and public commitment to education. It analyses their impact on output indicators, including performance in English and mathematics, the repetition rate, and survival rate to the final grade in school. The article concludes that the levels of efficiency in the development of human capital in the Caribbean are very uneven, and that serious challenges face Caribbean countries as they seek to maximise the returns on their investment in education. 相似文献
635.
M. J. Peterson 《The Review of International Organizations》2010,5(2):197-225
Indigenous peoples are the only distinct segment of national populations having voting membership in UN bodies devoted to
defining their rights and advancing their concerns. This unusual result was the result of the confluence of three factors
familiar to students of transnational social movement politics: a) presence within UN offices and bodies of supporters opening
forums and agendas to indigenous concerns, b) deference to the growing network of indigenous activists by anthropologists—the
professional community best placed to serve as advocates speaking on behalf of indigenous communities, and c) indigenous activists'
success in developing and projecting a globally-valid indigenous identity as “peoples” simultaneously uniting the various
indigenous communities and providing a rationale for establishing voting rights that enough other actors could be persuaded
to accept. Comparison with UN treatment of other groups indicates that indigenous voting rights are more likely to remain
an isolated success rather than a harbinger of similar practices in other UN bodies. 相似文献
636.
637.
This exploratory study investigated factors that Child Protective Service caseworkers believe lead to change for the domestic
violence abuser and victim, and ultimately lead to success in terms of reunifying children who have been removed from their
parents due to domestic violence. In-depth interviews with six caseworkers examined both successful reunification cases and
unsuccessful reunification cases. The interview was structured around three areas of interest: services, the caseworker’s
relationship with the parents, and social supports, in order to identify variables that may influence the family’s ability
(or inability) to make the necessary changes for reunification with their children. Results revealed that successful reunifications
took place within the families who fully engaged in services, admitted the issues within the family home, set clear boundaries
with each other, and sought and maintained an appropriate support system. Implications for caseworkers involved with families
experiencing domestic violence, as well as directions for future research, are discussed. 相似文献
638.
639.
Patrick T. Peterson 《环境索赔杂志》2009,21(2):102-108
The National Partnership for Environmental Priorities (NPEP) program was created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to reduce or eliminate the nation's production of hazardous wastes and products. The NPEP is a voluntary program that provides incentives to public, private, and federal organizations that minimize their use and generation of thirty-one priority chemicals. These chemicals are considered to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic in the environment and present health risks to human and ecological receptors. The USEPA estimates that 90 percent of priority chemicals are used or produced during manufacturing of various household and industrial products and, as a result, end up in municipal and industrial waste streams. Ultimately, these chemicals find their way back into the environment through wastewater discharges, incineration, or other disposal practices. The NPEP program supports the goals of the National Waste Minimalization Program by encouraging simple waste minimalization solutions such as recycling, replacement, or elimination of wastes or products that contain priority chemicals, and cradle-to-cradle management of waste. Although the USEPA does not limit waste minimalization practices to only the priority chemicals, the program has set specific goals to track the elimination of these thirty-one chemicals to the environment on an annual basis. 相似文献
640.
The present study uses a feminist theoretical framework to explore risk factors for the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms following intimate partner violence, with a community sample of 120 low-income European American and African American women. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine demographic, violence, and mental health variables that predict posttraumatic stress symptoms. The data reveal that African American women report lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms than do their European American peers. This difference was observed despite the presence of more empirically identified risk factors for African American women. Regression analyses show that symptoms of depression increase risk for posttraumatic stress for both groups. However, a difference was observed such that past victimization increase risk for only European American women, whereas amount of psychological violence in the previous year increases risk for only African American women. Potential explanations for observed ethnic differences are offered. 相似文献